1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:04,000 © anoXmous @ http://thepiratebay.sx/user/Zen_Bud 2 00:00:04,001 --> 00:00:08,001 © anoXmous @ http://thepiratebay.sx/user/Zen_Bud 3 00:00:08,002 --> 00:00:12,002 © anoXmous @ http://thepiratebay.sx/user/Zen_Bud 1 00:00:33,992 --> 00:00:36,785 (narrator) Every day now, for more than 30 years, 2 00:00:36,870 --> 00:00:39,788 this couple have carried out this quaint ceremony 3 00:00:39,873 --> 00:00:45,169 meant, before their god, to expiate the guilt of seven souls. 4 00:00:48,631 --> 00:00:51,675 (chanting) 5 00:00:58,266 --> 00:01:00,225 This is Japan 6 00:01:00,310 --> 00:01:04,188 and the seven souls belong to the seven Japanese war criminals 7 00:01:04,272 --> 00:01:07,900 hanged by the Allies affer 1945. 8 00:02:14,425 --> 00:02:16,802 Japan suffered more than most countries 9 00:02:16,886 --> 00:02:20,013 from the Great Depression affer the First World War. 10 00:02:20,098 --> 00:02:22,015 The population was increasing fast 11 00:02:22,100 --> 00:02:28,105 and every year produced another million mouths to feed. 12 00:02:30,859 --> 00:02:35,404 Japan had no mineral resources of her own, unemployment was high, 13 00:02:35,530 --> 00:02:39,741 and crop failures brought disastrous famines in rural areas. 14 00:02:39,826 --> 00:02:44,496 (man) Public life was very hard in those days 15 00:02:44,622 --> 00:02:47,332 and most of the young military officers 16 00:02:47,417 --> 00:02:52,087 came from low-class agricultural families. 17 00:02:52,172 --> 00:02:56,550 And our culture was in a very, very hard position. 18 00:02:56,634 --> 00:02:59,761 (man speaking Japanese) 19 00:03:02,390 --> 00:03:05,142 (translator) 1930 was the time when Japan 20 00:03:05,226 --> 00:03:10,689 entered what might be called her convulsive period of history. 21 00:03:12,650 --> 00:03:17,362 The influence of the ultra-nationalists grew 22 00:03:17,447 --> 00:03:21,742 and such incidents as the young officers' revolt of May 15 23 00:03:21,826 --> 00:03:26,872 placed Japan step by step under the power of the military. 24 00:03:26,956 --> 00:03:30,417 The politicians took second place to the army. 25 00:03:33,087 --> 00:03:37,049 (man) The Japanese army had been in disrepute 26 00:03:37,133 --> 00:03:40,344 till about the beginning of the 1930s, 27 00:03:40,428 --> 00:03:47,309 and then they came back through the so-called patriotic societies - 28 00:03:50,104 --> 00:03:52,648 many of them no more than gangsters 29 00:03:52,732 --> 00:03:57,402 who could commit any misdeed in the name of patriotism. 30 00:03:57,487 --> 00:04:00,155 (yelling) 31 00:04:12,168 --> 00:04:15,128 Those were the years certain authors have described 32 00:04:15,255 --> 00:04:19,633 as the period of government by assassination. 33 00:04:19,717 --> 00:04:21,885 And there were several assassinations 34 00:04:21,970 --> 00:04:25,305 of prime ministers and leaders in those days 35 00:04:25,431 --> 00:04:28,684 just because they had giberag views 36 00:04:28,768 --> 00:04:32,271 or because they favoured 37 00:04:32,355 --> 00:04:35,649 better relations with the United States, Britain, 38 00:04:35,733 --> 00:04:39,778 or more other democratic-minded nations. 39 00:04:43,032 --> 00:04:46,118 (narrator) The army also controlled the education system. 40 00:04:46,202 --> 00:04:47,869 A respect for the martial arts 41 00:04:47,954 --> 00:04:53,500 was inculcated into every Japanese child from an early age. 42 00:04:59,424 --> 00:05:03,802 To the Japanese, their emperor was a god. 43 00:05:03,886 --> 00:05:07,639 But Hirohito chose to reign, not to rule. 44 00:05:07,724 --> 00:05:10,642 He allowed himself to be manipulated by the military, 45 00:05:10,727 --> 00:05:14,771 and since every Japanese was pledged to serVe the emperor unto death, 46 00:05:14,856 --> 00:05:19,484 his connivance was a considerable asset to the army. 47 00:05:20,820 --> 00:05:22,988 To solve Japan's economic problems, 48 00:05:23,072 --> 00:05:26,867 the army favoured expansion on the Asian mainland. 49 00:05:26,951 --> 00:05:31,663 Korea had long been Japan's, and since her victory over Tsarist Russia in 1905, 50 00:05:31,748 --> 00:05:36,126 Japan had also been allowed to station troops in Manchuria. 51 00:05:36,210 --> 00:05:38,587 Manchuria was mostly empty wilderness, 52 00:05:38,671 --> 00:05:41,798 but it contained raw materials that Japan lacked, 53 00:05:41,883 --> 00:05:44,301 such as coal and iron ore. 54 00:05:57,857 --> 00:06:01,693 lmpatient that the politicians back in Tokyo did not see the obvious need 55 00:06:01,778 --> 00:06:03,904 to seize Manchuria once and for all, 56 00:06:04,030 --> 00:06:08,658 a group of extremists in 1931 infiltrated the Japanese garrisons there 57 00:06:08,743 --> 00:06:12,371 and persuaded them to take on Manchuria's feeble army. 58 00:06:25,218 --> 00:06:27,344 (yelling) 59 00:06:46,280 --> 00:06:48,115 Against little real opposition, 60 00:06:48,199 --> 00:06:51,201 the Japanese army soon controlled the whole country, 61 00:06:51,285 --> 00:06:55,455 driving the luckless Manchurians before them. 62 00:07:01,170 --> 00:07:03,922 The world was shocked, but did nothing... 63 00:07:04,006 --> 00:07:06,091 (all yell) 64 00:07:08,469 --> 00:07:12,180 apart from a rebuke at the League of Nations. 65 00:07:12,265 --> 00:07:14,933 Japan, however, 66 00:07:15,017 --> 00:07:18,854 finds it impossible to accept 67 00:07:18,938 --> 00:07:22,774 the report adopted by the assembly. 68 00:07:23,151 --> 00:07:25,777 (reporter) And so Japan leaves the League. 69 00:07:25,862 --> 00:07:31,199 The Far Eastern war cloud casts its shadow over the whole world. 70 00:07:37,623 --> 00:07:40,625 (narrator) As they had occupied Manchuria with such ease 71 00:07:40,710 --> 00:07:43,462 and without interference from the rest of the world, 72 00:07:43,546 --> 00:07:46,548 the Japanese generals there soon turned their attention 73 00:07:46,674 --> 00:07:49,468 to Manchuria's next-door neighbour, China. 74 00:07:49,552 --> 00:07:52,888 The China of 500 million souls. 75 00:07:52,972 --> 00:07:59,352 The China that for centuries had thought itself secure behind its Great Wall. 76 00:07:59,437 --> 00:08:02,481 ln July, 1937, an incident was manufactured 77 00:08:02,565 --> 00:08:06,693 whereby the Chinese appeared to fire on the Japanese. 78 00:08:06,777 --> 00:08:10,906 Without waiting to investigate, Japan invaded China. 79 00:08:31,511 --> 00:08:37,098 Disunited and ill-equipped, the Chinese were no match for the ruthless Japanese. 80 00:08:53,658 --> 00:08:57,661 Within a matter of weeks, the Japanese had overrun most of northern China 81 00:08:57,745 --> 00:08:59,579 and were bombing Peking. 82 00:09:02,416 --> 00:09:05,126 (air-raid siren) 83 00:09:24,230 --> 00:09:28,275 Peking soon fell, and it was then Shanghai's turn. 84 00:10:21,412 --> 00:10:25,999 Once Shanghai had fallen, the Japanese forces advanced up the Yangtze valley 85 00:10:26,083 --> 00:10:30,837 to threaten the then-capital of China, Nanking. 86 00:11:42,326 --> 00:11:44,411 (all yell) 87 00:11:54,255 --> 00:11:58,341 lt was here at Nanking in December, 1937, 88 00:11:58,426 --> 00:12:01,553 that the Japanese perpetrated what was, until then, 89 00:12:01,637 --> 00:12:04,389 one of the worst atrocities of this century, 90 00:12:04,473 --> 00:12:09,644 when their troops massacred more than 200,000 Chinese in cold blood. 91 00:12:17,111 --> 00:12:23,908 Even the Nazis were shocked, and offered to mediate to prevent further bloodshed. 92 00:12:23,993 --> 00:12:26,536 But the Japanese generals were unyielding 93 00:12:26,620 --> 00:12:28,788 as their military successes mounted. 94 00:12:28,873 --> 00:12:33,334 By the summer of 1938, the Japanese had captured a considerable part of China, 95 00:12:33,461 --> 00:12:35,712 including most of the major cities, 96 00:12:35,796 --> 00:12:38,631 but they were only conquering territory, not people, 97 00:12:38,716 --> 00:12:42,302 as the Chinese retreated into their vast hinterland. 98 00:12:42,386 --> 00:12:46,014 Worse for the Japanese, their conquests incurred the suspicion 99 00:12:46,098 --> 00:12:49,225 of their old enemy to the north, Russia. 100 00:12:56,567 --> 00:13:01,404 ln the summer of 1938, Russian and Japanese troops battled for possession 101 00:13:01,489 --> 00:13:05,867 of a barren hill on the Soviet-Manchurian border. 102 00:13:14,794 --> 00:13:17,045 The Japanese received such a drubbing 103 00:13:17,171 --> 00:13:21,758 that they opted for a settlement affer only two weeks. 104 00:13:43,405 --> 00:13:45,782 Ten months later, another squabble broke out 105 00:13:45,866 --> 00:13:47,992 and once again the Japanese were beaten, 106 00:13:48,077 --> 00:13:51,830 this time by none other than General Zhukov. 107 00:14:00,714 --> 00:14:04,759 lt made them wary of further conflicts with the Soviet Union. 108 00:14:04,844 --> 00:14:06,177 (all yelling) 109 00:14:09,849 --> 00:14:13,434 But it also pushed them closer to Germany and ltaly. 110 00:14:13,519 --> 00:14:15,520 - Banzai! - (all yell) 111 00:14:25,573 --> 00:14:29,826 Living in Japan became difficult for other Westerners. 112 00:14:29,910 --> 00:14:33,955 You were constantly under the superVision of police. 113 00:14:34,039 --> 00:14:38,543 You were always, as a European, suspected of being a spy. 114 00:14:38,627 --> 00:14:41,671 ln the railway stations, you'd offen see posters 115 00:14:41,755 --> 00:14:45,466 of a man with a Sherlock Holmes cap and a curly pipe, 116 00:14:45,593 --> 00:14:48,386 which said, "Beware of spies". 117 00:14:48,470 --> 00:14:54,100 You had the intensified activities of the thought police and the Kempeitai, 118 00:14:54,184 --> 00:14:58,438 who controlled speech and thought. 119 00:14:58,522 --> 00:15:02,734 Then you had the introduction of a national uniform called Kokomin-fuku. 120 00:15:02,818 --> 00:15:07,614 Affer leaving school, people were supposed to wear these to go to work. 121 00:15:07,698 --> 00:15:08,781 And they were khaki 122 00:15:08,866 --> 00:15:13,870 and they were similar to the uniforms worn by the serVicemen. 123 00:15:13,954 --> 00:15:16,956 And then the cinema and plays, 124 00:15:17,041 --> 00:15:22,754 the complexion of these became more martial and more a glorification of war, 125 00:15:22,838 --> 00:15:28,176 and the radio would play more and more music of a military nature. 126 00:15:32,014 --> 00:15:38,269 Then on the political field you had the Taisai Yukusankai, the one-party system 127 00:15:38,354 --> 00:15:40,146 that made it easy for the military 128 00:15:40,230 --> 00:15:45,693 to consolidate their influence over the country. 129 00:15:47,863 --> 00:15:50,657 (nationalistic song) 130 00:16:02,586 --> 00:16:04,671 (applause) 131 00:16:08,092 --> 00:16:10,843 There was constantly the sight and sounds 132 00:16:10,928 --> 00:16:13,846 of soldiers being sent off ceremoniously 133 00:16:13,931 --> 00:16:16,516 to the front in China. 134 00:16:16,600 --> 00:16:18,476 (Busn) They were always taught that 135 00:16:18,560 --> 00:16:21,396 the greatest thing that could happen to any family 136 00:16:21,480 --> 00:16:25,483 was to be able to give a son or two sons or three sons or seven sons 137 00:16:25,567 --> 00:16:27,193 to the serVice of their country 138 00:16:27,319 --> 00:16:31,072 and to die for the emperor and the imperial family. 139 00:16:31,991 --> 00:16:37,620 (Mutsu) You had the so-called ash boxes, remains of soldiers, 140 00:16:37,705 --> 00:16:41,416 coming back to Japan, so we knew we were at war. 141 00:16:48,799 --> 00:16:52,176 (narrator) Western influences had grown in Japan in the '30s, 142 00:16:52,261 --> 00:16:55,388 which the military disliked and now discouraged. 143 00:16:55,472 --> 00:17:00,768 (Busn) l remember my former wife - it must have been about 1938 - 144 00:17:00,853 --> 00:17:04,063 coming from a hairdressers' where she had her hair waved 145 00:17:04,148 --> 00:17:06,691 and being stopped by a policeman, 146 00:17:06,775 --> 00:17:11,404 who told her that this was a sign of Western decadence - 147 00:17:11,488 --> 00:17:15,324 you shouldn't have your hair waved. 148 00:17:15,409 --> 00:17:18,161 Dancing, even Western music - 149 00:17:18,245 --> 00:17:23,583 except classical music, which was mostly German, Beethoven, sort of thing - 150 00:17:23,667 --> 00:17:25,626 was frowned upon. 151 00:17:25,711 --> 00:17:31,924 Dancehalls were closed down and any kind of pleasure introduced from the West, 152 00:17:32,009 --> 00:17:37,930 the military did their best to prohibit it and rub it out altogether. 153 00:17:41,894 --> 00:17:48,441 (Busn) When l leff Japan, early '40, there was rationing, prices were high, 154 00:17:48,525 --> 00:17:50,902 students of high schools, universities, 155 00:17:50,986 --> 00:17:54,072 were doing military training practically every day, 156 00:17:54,156 --> 00:17:59,410 you had army officers attached to every school to superVise such training. 157 00:17:59,495 --> 00:18:02,830 And so it was a nation preparing for war. 158 00:18:03,248 --> 00:18:04,832 (yells) 159 00:18:27,231 --> 00:18:29,816 (narrator) The China war dragged on into 1940, 160 00:18:29,900 --> 00:18:32,693 though the Japanese generals were looking to end it 161 00:18:32,778 --> 00:18:35,780 without too much loss of face. 162 00:18:41,995 --> 00:18:45,998 But Hitler's swiff victories over Holland and France in May, 1940, 163 00:18:46,083 --> 00:18:48,960 and the seemingly imminent defeat of Britain 164 00:18:49,044 --> 00:18:53,381 made the Japanese generals greedy for more. 165 00:19:00,973 --> 00:19:08,688 Generally speaking, the Japanese public was very elated by the German success. 166 00:19:08,772 --> 00:19:12,316 The catchword in those days was "Don't miss the bus". 167 00:19:15,612 --> 00:19:18,197 Within three months of France's fall, 168 00:19:18,282 --> 00:19:20,908 the puppet Vichy government had been persuaded 169 00:19:20,993 --> 00:19:23,786 to allow Japanese troops to enter French lndochina, 170 00:19:23,871 --> 00:19:28,666 ominously close to the Philippines, then an American dependency. 171 00:19:28,750 --> 00:19:30,543 America reacted sharply 172 00:19:30,627 --> 00:19:35,173 by embargoing supplies to Japan of iron ore and aviation fuel. 173 00:19:35,257 --> 00:19:38,885 The embargo pushed Japan still closer to the Axis. 174 00:19:57,404 --> 00:19:59,197 ln Berlin in September, 1940, 175 00:19:59,281 --> 00:20:05,244 Germany, ltaly and Japan concluded the Tripartite Pact. 176 00:20:05,329 --> 00:20:08,581 The two wars at opposite ends of the globe were now linked, 177 00:20:08,665 --> 00:20:12,293 though not yet joined. 178 00:20:19,760 --> 00:20:23,971 Japan's pro-German foreign minister Yōsuke Matsuoka 179 00:20:24,056 --> 00:20:28,434 followed up his goodwill trip to Hitler with a visit in April, 1941 , to Moscow, 180 00:20:28,518 --> 00:20:31,604 where he signed a neutrality treaty with Stalin. 181 00:20:32,981 --> 00:20:40,321 (man) The Soviet Union had already posed a threat to Japanese security, 182 00:20:40,405 --> 00:20:47,078 and so the army was itching for a showdown with the Soviet Union. 183 00:20:47,162 --> 00:20:50,581 The navy, on the other hand, 184 00:20:50,666 --> 00:20:53,501 wanted to advance southward 185 00:20:54,544 --> 00:20:57,672 because the resources 186 00:20:59,174 --> 00:21:05,179 our country lacked were largely in the South Seas. 187 00:21:05,264 --> 00:21:08,933 And so Japan was, so to speak, pulled apart 188 00:21:09,059 --> 00:21:14,605 between the army ambition and naval design. 189 00:21:14,690 --> 00:21:20,111 But when the time for interVention against the north passed, 190 00:21:20,237 --> 00:21:24,824 the army naturally joined with the navy. 191 00:21:28,120 --> 00:21:31,205 (narrator) Japan had the strongest navy in the Pacific, 192 00:21:31,290 --> 00:21:36,002 but when she occupied the rest of French lndochina in the summer of 1941 , 193 00:21:36,086 --> 00:21:38,087 the United States embargoed oil, 194 00:21:38,171 --> 00:21:41,966 which leff the Japanese navy critically short of it. 195 00:21:52,561 --> 00:21:55,688 Japan could either climb down and suffer loss of face, 196 00:21:55,814 --> 00:21:58,274 or else move south to seize these, 197 00:21:58,358 --> 00:22:02,361 the oil wells of the Dutch East lndies. 198 00:22:02,446 --> 00:22:05,656 Serious planning for such a move began straight away. 199 00:22:05,741 --> 00:22:12,413 Special jungle training and amphibious landing exercises were put in hand. 200 00:22:39,107 --> 00:22:40,399 Army leaders argued that 201 00:22:40,525 --> 00:22:44,820 unless an invasion of the Dutch East lndies began before the end of 1941 , 202 00:22:44,905 --> 00:22:48,282 a shortage of oil would rule it out forever. 203 00:22:48,367 --> 00:22:52,203 Even so, some Japanese politicians still hadn't given up hope 204 00:22:52,287 --> 00:22:55,664 of achieving Japan's aims by diplomatic means. 205 00:22:55,791 --> 00:22:57,666 But time was short. 206 00:22:57,793 --> 00:23:01,087 The generals had given the diplomats until mid-October. 207 00:23:01,171 --> 00:23:05,716 When that deadline passed, Hirohito, on Marquis Kido's advice, 208 00:23:05,801 --> 00:23:09,637 invited his war minister General Tojo to form a government. 209 00:23:09,721 --> 00:23:13,641 There are many interpretations of Marquis Kido's actions 210 00:23:13,725 --> 00:23:18,437 in choosing General Tojo as the prime minister 211 00:23:18,522 --> 00:23:23,734 over the last cabinet preceding the outbreak of the war. 212 00:23:23,819 --> 00:23:28,614 l myself asked this point 213 00:23:28,698 --> 00:23:32,326 and Marquis Kido's reply was: 214 00:23:32,411 --> 00:23:37,706 "Nobody except Tojo was powerful enough to control the army, 215 00:23:37,791 --> 00:23:40,042 which was running amok." 216 00:23:40,752 --> 00:23:47,716 And also: "Tojo was deeply devoted to the person of the emperor, 217 00:23:47,801 --> 00:23:53,472 and if His Majesty made his wish known to General Tojo, 218 00:23:53,557 --> 00:23:56,642 Tojo would faithfully abide by such a wish." 219 00:23:56,726 --> 00:23:59,520 (speaking Japanese) 220 00:24:05,152 --> 00:24:08,737 (narrator) But even General Tojo shrank from the brink of war. 221 00:24:08,822 --> 00:24:13,617 He extended the deadline for diplomacy another month, until November 25, 222 00:24:13,702 --> 00:24:18,456 sending special envoys to Washington to negotiate the ending of the oil embargo. 223 00:24:18,540 --> 00:24:22,710 (man) Say a few words for us, sir. lf you come quite close... 224 00:24:22,794 --> 00:24:27,882 Gentlemen, you all know how difficult my mission is. 225 00:24:27,966 --> 00:24:30,134 But l will do all l can 226 00:24:30,218 --> 00:24:34,180 to make it a successful one for the sake of two countries, 227 00:24:34,264 --> 00:24:37,600 Japan and the United States. 228 00:24:37,684 --> 00:24:41,604 (narrator) And so that autumn, with scant sincerity on either side, 229 00:24:41,688 --> 00:24:44,398 the diplomatic charade was played out. 230 00:24:44,483 --> 00:24:46,275 (Kase) The government undertook 231 00:24:46,359 --> 00:24:49,445 the difficult negotiations with the United States, 232 00:24:49,529 --> 00:24:53,908 but the temper of the nation grew more militaristic, 233 00:24:53,992 --> 00:24:59,538 which made it practically impossible to continue the negotiations. 234 00:24:59,623 --> 00:25:02,541 (narrator) While the diplomats talked in Washington, 235 00:25:02,626 --> 00:25:05,419 in Tokyo the militarists put the finishing touches 236 00:25:05,504 --> 00:25:07,171 to their plans of conquest. 237 00:25:08,131 --> 00:25:11,675 To capture the oil wells intact called for a surprise assault, 238 00:25:11,760 --> 00:25:15,763 not just on the Dutch East lndies, but also on Malaya and the Philippines. 239 00:25:15,847 --> 00:25:19,350 Having got the oil, there was the problem of getting it back to Japan 240 00:25:19,434 --> 00:25:22,603 unhindered by either the Royal Navy based at Singapore, 241 00:25:22,687 --> 00:25:29,318 or the massive United States Pacific fleet based in Hawaii at Pearl Harbour. 242 00:25:29,402 --> 00:25:32,279 (man speaking Japanese) 243 00:25:33,949 --> 00:25:36,116 (translator) lt was felt that if war came 244 00:25:36,201 --> 00:25:39,119 and Japan were to fight in a conventional way, 245 00:25:39,204 --> 00:25:42,831 she had little hope of winning. 246 00:25:42,916 --> 00:25:45,417 And so the idea was to strike a blow 247 00:25:45,502 --> 00:25:48,337 against the American fleet at Pearl Harbour 248 00:25:48,421 --> 00:25:51,966 simultaneously as the war started. 249 00:25:56,221 --> 00:25:57,888 There were three main problems 250 00:25:57,973 --> 00:25:59,932 in attacking Pearl Harbour. 251 00:26:00,016 --> 00:26:02,184 The first was to keep it a secret, 252 00:26:02,269 --> 00:26:04,353 because if the Americans knew 253 00:26:04,437 --> 00:26:09,191 a Japanese fleet was approaching, then they would immediately attack it. 254 00:26:09,276 --> 00:26:11,986 The second concerned which route to take, 255 00:26:12,070 --> 00:26:14,989 and the third concerned the attack itself, 256 00:26:15,115 --> 00:26:17,783 whether it would be possible to use torpedoes 257 00:26:17,867 --> 00:26:20,828 in the shallow waters of Pearl Harbour. 258 00:26:22,330 --> 00:26:29,503 (man) The most difficult problem was torpedo launching in shallow water. 259 00:26:30,547 --> 00:26:32,381 The British navy 260 00:26:32,465 --> 00:26:37,094 attacked the ltalian fleet at Taranto 261 00:26:39,180 --> 00:26:42,600 and l owe it very much for this lesson 262 00:26:42,684 --> 00:26:46,145 in shallow-water launching. 263 00:26:46,229 --> 00:26:49,231 (man) We made a model of Pearl Harbour 264 00:26:49,316 --> 00:26:54,153 and the situation of the battleships and other warships. 265 00:26:57,073 --> 00:27:01,952 We sent our agent to Pearl Harbour. 266 00:27:02,037 --> 00:27:07,791 (man) Sometimes l went Japanese teahouse in Aliwa Height. 267 00:27:08,835 --> 00:27:15,382 From there, l saw the fleet in Pearl Harbour. 268 00:27:16,426 --> 00:27:22,473 Sometimes l go round Pearl Harbour 269 00:27:22,557 --> 00:27:24,850 by taxi or bus. 270 00:27:24,934 --> 00:27:32,316 Sometimes l walk along the front, drinking beer, to get information. 271 00:27:32,400 --> 00:27:35,152 l did, you know, fishing. 272 00:27:35,236 --> 00:27:38,947 l measured the depth of the sea, 273 00:27:39,032 --> 00:27:42,076 but it was very... danger. 274 00:27:42,160 --> 00:27:47,998 And one time l was ordered to see the torpedo gate. 275 00:27:48,083 --> 00:27:52,753 So l went to the prohibited area of Pearl Harbour, 276 00:27:52,837 --> 00:27:58,550 but l could not discover the submarine gate. 277 00:27:59,761 --> 00:28:04,973 l sent my information 278 00:28:06,559 --> 00:28:12,314 by commercial telegram, in code. 279 00:28:13,358 --> 00:28:18,320 (narrator) The Japanese carrier fleet had leff Japan on November 26. 280 00:28:18,405 --> 00:28:21,699 lt took them 1 1 days to sail, undetected, 281 00:28:21,783 --> 00:28:24,535 the 4,000 or so miles to this point, 282 00:28:24,619 --> 00:28:27,788 a mere 200 miles short of Hawaii. 283 00:28:27,872 --> 00:28:32,126 The Americans had broken the Japanese codes and knew war was imminent, 284 00:28:32,210 --> 00:28:36,714 but they had not found out where the Japanese might strike them. 285 00:28:36,798 --> 00:28:41,635 "Climb Mount Niitaka" came the message from Tokyo. 286 00:28:41,720 --> 00:28:45,723 lt was the signal for war to commence. 287 00:28:45,807 --> 00:28:51,937 6am on the morning of Sunday, December 7, 1941 . 288 00:28:53,022 --> 00:28:59,361 The first of 400 Japanese bombers and torpedo planes take to the air. 289 00:29:20,842 --> 00:29:24,762 Their destination: Pearl Harbour. 290 00:29:27,766 --> 00:29:31,518 ln the early morning of December 7, 291 00:29:31,603 --> 00:29:33,562 Joseph L Lockard and myself 292 00:29:33,646 --> 00:29:39,526 were detailed to operate a problem from our radar unit. 293 00:29:40,570 --> 00:29:44,698 The problem was to last from 4am to 7am. 294 00:29:44,783 --> 00:29:48,076 And it was a training programme. 295 00:29:48,161 --> 00:29:54,917 l was the plotter and Joseph Lockard was the radar operator. 296 00:29:55,001 --> 00:30:00,380 We picked up a very large blip, which we had never seen before, 297 00:30:00,465 --> 00:30:03,425 and proceeded to plot that flight in. 298 00:30:03,510 --> 00:30:06,512 lt was then that l suggested that we send the information 299 00:30:06,596 --> 00:30:09,181 in to our information centre. 300 00:30:09,265 --> 00:30:15,145 l called in and the switchboard operator told me that there was no one there. 301 00:30:15,230 --> 00:30:19,066 Did we wish to have someone call back to our radar station? 302 00:30:19,150 --> 00:30:23,195 And that's when this Lieutenant Tyler called back 303 00:30:23,279 --> 00:30:27,825 and told us, in essence, to forget it. 304 00:30:29,077 --> 00:30:32,913 We continued the flight until about 20 minutes of eight, 305 00:30:32,997 --> 00:30:39,962 when the flight seemed to disperse to the right and to the leff of the island. 306 00:31:08,491 --> 00:31:12,327 (man) l was on board the USS Californla, tied to quay 3. 307 00:31:12,412 --> 00:31:15,289 l was on the quarterdeck, getting ready for a colour - 308 00:31:15,373 --> 00:31:18,458 as a matter of fact, l was a member of the band. 309 00:31:18,543 --> 00:31:21,837 And looking slightly to the south, 310 00:31:23,381 --> 00:31:27,301 l could see planes coming that direction, and some from that direction. 311 00:31:27,385 --> 00:31:30,387 That was about the time of general quarters. 312 00:31:30,471 --> 00:31:33,223 And l dropped my instrument, which was a clarinet, 313 00:31:33,349 --> 00:31:35,767 went down below into my battle station, 314 00:31:35,852 --> 00:31:41,899 and, about five minutes later, torpedoes hit us and exploded. 315 00:31:42,942 --> 00:31:48,238 (man #2) I was aboard the West Virginia when the first airplanes came over. 316 00:31:48,323 --> 00:31:52,993 They were built similar to our Helldivers, in those days. 317 00:31:53,077 --> 00:31:55,913 And the pilot had the greenhouse back, 318 00:31:55,997 --> 00:31:59,374 and he flew so low that l still remember him. 319 00:31:59,459 --> 00:32:05,213 He had the leather helmet, like World War ll had, and the goggles, 320 00:32:05,298 --> 00:32:08,592 and the reason l remember, he had a real thick moustache. 321 00:32:08,676 --> 00:32:11,720 As he flew over, he kind of smiled and looked at the ship 322 00:32:11,804 --> 00:32:16,350 and flew over towards the hangar there, when he starts laying his first bomb. 323 00:32:24,192 --> 00:32:28,820 l saw the Arizona blow up, and it was like she just rained sailors. 324 00:32:28,905 --> 00:32:33,617 Those were the ones fortunate enough to live, the ones blown off the ship. 325 00:32:33,701 --> 00:32:36,745 l ran to the stern first to see if l could get off that way, 326 00:32:36,829 --> 00:32:39,456 cos everything was burning at this time. 327 00:32:39,540 --> 00:32:43,251 And so then l ran to the fo'c's'le. 328 00:32:43,336 --> 00:32:47,047 And then there was a lot of oil, but it hadn't caught fire at this time. 329 00:32:47,131 --> 00:32:50,258 So l said, "The best thing to do is to dive off there." 330 00:32:50,343 --> 00:32:54,972 So l hit the water and swam around this way 331 00:32:55,056 --> 00:33:00,644 and then came up over this rock there, and this is where l landed. 332 00:33:00,770 --> 00:33:04,856 The thing l remember most about that morning was terror and confusion. 333 00:33:04,941 --> 00:33:08,944 First place, it was early in the morning - everybody wasn't quite awake, 334 00:33:09,028 --> 00:33:11,655 and to have somebody trying to kill you at that hour 335 00:33:11,739 --> 00:33:15,909 kinda confuses you at best. 336 00:33:16,035 --> 00:33:20,122 We were taking power and steam from the dock, 337 00:33:20,206 --> 00:33:22,165 since we were alongside for repairs, 338 00:33:22,250 --> 00:33:26,253 and somebody in the confusion cut our power and steam line, so we were leff... 339 00:33:26,337 --> 00:33:28,505 Everything had to be operated in manual. 340 00:33:28,589 --> 00:33:31,425 We only had one battery en masse that we could use, 341 00:33:31,509 --> 00:33:33,552 which was the port five-inch battery, 342 00:33:33,636 --> 00:33:36,722 so we started using it on the aircraff as they came in. 343 00:33:36,806 --> 00:33:40,183 The low-flying torpedo planes all came directly over the hill 344 00:33:40,268 --> 00:33:42,602 and down this way toward battleship row, 345 00:33:42,687 --> 00:33:45,397 so we were able to get some pretty good shots at 'em, 346 00:33:45,523 --> 00:33:47,357 even though we were in manual. 347 00:33:47,442 --> 00:33:51,236 However, the guns had to be serVed by manual means - 348 00:33:51,320 --> 00:33:54,197 we had to pass ammunition by hand. 349 00:33:54,282 --> 00:33:57,284 We had a young chaplain aboard, JG, at the time - 350 00:33:57,368 --> 00:34:01,246 he'd been aboard less than two months. His name was Hallow M Forgy, 351 00:34:01,330 --> 00:34:04,332 and he was... 352 00:34:04,417 --> 00:34:07,002 As for his battle station, he didn't have one - 353 00:34:07,086 --> 00:34:11,089 he was concerned with crew morale - so he marched along the gun deck, 354 00:34:11,174 --> 00:34:13,842 saying, "Praise the Lord and pass the ammunition." 355 00:35:04,060 --> 00:35:06,061 You live with these ships all the time - 356 00:35:06,145 --> 00:35:08,730 you never dream they could be damaged like this. 357 00:35:08,856 --> 00:35:13,193 There were ships afire, ships burning, explosions going on all over the place. 358 00:35:19,325 --> 00:35:22,828 (man) My first knowledge of the attack was when l was awakened 359 00:35:22,912 --> 00:35:27,707 by the sound of bombs dropping and the roaring of aircraff all around us. 360 00:35:27,792 --> 00:35:32,754 l ran out on the lanai and saw immediately they were Japanese planes 361 00:35:32,839 --> 00:35:35,507 and there was a fella standing next to me who said, 362 00:35:35,591 --> 00:35:37,676 "lt certainly looks real, doesn't it?" 363 00:35:37,760 --> 00:35:40,053 And l said, "Yes, l'm afraid it is." 364 00:35:40,138 --> 00:35:42,264 l ran over to my offices 365 00:35:42,348 --> 00:35:44,057 and l was standing alongside 366 00:35:44,142 --> 00:35:47,227 the commander-in-chief himself, Admiral Kimmel, 367 00:35:47,311 --> 00:35:52,482 and we were glumly watching the havoc, the carnage, that was going on. 368 00:35:52,567 --> 00:35:56,778 And suddenly he reached up, a motion of this kind, 369 00:35:56,863 --> 00:36:00,031 and tore off his four-star shoulder boards, 370 00:36:00,116 --> 00:36:05,579 which indicated his rank and title as Commander-in-Chief of Pacific Fleet. 371 00:36:05,663 --> 00:36:09,666 He stepped into his adjacent office and when he came out, 372 00:36:09,750 --> 00:36:12,752 he realised that he was going to lose command 373 00:36:12,837 --> 00:36:18,008 and he had donned two-star rear-admiral shoulder boards. 374 00:37:04,388 --> 00:37:07,974 (narrator) All nine battleships of the United States Pacific fleet 375 00:37:08,059 --> 00:37:09,309 had been sunk or ruined, 376 00:37:09,393 --> 00:37:12,395 together with several destroyers and cruisers, 377 00:37:12,480 --> 00:37:15,649 but no aircraff carriers. 378 00:37:15,733 --> 00:37:17,192 Luckily for the Americans, 379 00:37:17,276 --> 00:37:21,488 the carriers had been at sea that particular Sunday morning. 380 00:37:26,869 --> 00:37:30,914 However, the Japanese were well satisfied. 381 00:37:32,458 --> 00:37:38,171 (Fuchida) The United States Pacific fleet was not prepared 382 00:37:39,215 --> 00:37:42,425 and we succeeded. 383 00:37:43,094 --> 00:37:44,844 (cheering) 384 00:37:47,390 --> 00:37:49,766 (narrator) The Japanese did not just succeed 385 00:37:49,850 --> 00:37:52,602 against the Americans at Pearl Harbour. 386 00:37:52,728 --> 00:37:56,564 On December 10, the pride of the Royal Navy in the Pacific, 387 00:37:56,649 --> 00:38:00,402 the Prince of Wales and the Repulse, were sunk. 388 00:38:00,486 --> 00:38:04,739 (cheering) 389 00:38:04,824 --> 00:38:07,951 That same day, Guam fell. 390 00:38:08,035 --> 00:38:10,996 (cheering) 391 00:38:11,080 --> 00:38:14,624 On December 23, Wake lsland. 392 00:38:14,709 --> 00:38:17,711 (cheering) 393 00:38:17,795 --> 00:38:21,506 On Christmas Day, Hong Kong. 394 00:38:21,590 --> 00:38:23,675 (cheering) 395 00:38:27,305 --> 00:38:32,892 On New Year's Day, 1942, Manila, capital of the Philippines. 396 00:38:32,977 --> 00:38:35,854 (cheering) 397 00:38:36,689 --> 00:38:39,983 On January 19, Borneo. 398 00:38:40,067 --> 00:38:42,777 (cheering) 399 00:38:42,862 --> 00:38:48,074 But the biggest prize of all awaited the Japanese in Malaya. 400 00:38:49,160 --> 00:38:52,746 (man) The plan for the defence of Malaya 401 00:38:52,830 --> 00:38:57,417 was based entirely on the air force. 402 00:38:57,501 --> 00:39:03,256 And there were to be some 335 first-class aircraff, 403 00:39:03,341 --> 00:39:07,052 with the army protecting their bases and their aerodromes, 404 00:39:07,136 --> 00:39:09,763 and the idea was that they should attack 405 00:39:09,847 --> 00:39:13,600 the Japanese whilst they were at sea 406 00:39:14,643 --> 00:39:17,854 and destroy them or damage them 407 00:39:17,938 --> 00:39:20,690 before the campaign started. 408 00:39:20,775 --> 00:39:26,279 Percival's idea was to oppose the Japanese as they landed. 409 00:39:26,364 --> 00:39:34,120 And that didn't come off - they were able to land in Thailand 410 00:39:34,205 --> 00:39:39,084 and we would not break the neutrality, 411 00:39:39,168 --> 00:39:42,545 and so we were at a disadvantage from the start. 412 00:39:43,339 --> 00:39:46,424 (narrator) The Japanese were outnumbered two to one. 413 00:39:46,550 --> 00:39:51,888 They had only the poorest of maps, usually pages torn from school atlases, 414 00:39:51,972 --> 00:39:56,351 but they kept the British on the run, not stopping to consolidate or regroup. 415 00:39:56,435 --> 00:39:59,270 (Smyth) One reason we were thrown onto the defensive, 416 00:39:59,355 --> 00:40:02,399 the Japanese employed 300 tanks. 417 00:40:02,483 --> 00:40:04,359 We hadn't any tanks at all. 418 00:40:05,027 --> 00:40:07,362 (narrator) British strategists had decreed 419 00:40:07,446 --> 00:40:11,491 that armour was not suited to jungle warfare. 420 00:40:18,332 --> 00:40:22,377 Back in Whitehall, the British thought the jungle impenetrable, 421 00:40:22,461 --> 00:40:26,506 whereas in some places it was cleared, in others not so dense, 422 00:40:26,590 --> 00:40:31,719 and, anyway, the really dense patches could always be bypassed by sea - 423 00:40:31,804 --> 00:40:35,598 which was precisely what the Japanese did. 424 00:40:59,290 --> 00:41:01,958 (Gkada) The jungle is not such a terrible place. 425 00:41:02,042 --> 00:41:07,088 We can live on rice, salt and sesame seeds, and salted fish, you see. 426 00:41:07,173 --> 00:41:09,799 This can keep a soldier going a long time. 427 00:41:09,884 --> 00:41:11,843 The jungle did not have the fear for us 428 00:41:11,969 --> 00:41:16,347 that it seems to have had for some of the Allied soldiers. 429 00:41:21,353 --> 00:41:23,771 (narrator) The Japanese had bombed Singapore 430 00:41:23,856 --> 00:41:25,857 the same morning as Pearl Harbour. 431 00:41:25,941 --> 00:41:29,944 The lights of the great port had guided them in and remained on during the raid 432 00:41:30,029 --> 00:41:33,323 because no one knew how to switch them off. 433 00:41:33,407 --> 00:41:39,579 Such confusion was to typify Singapore's reaction to the Japanese onslaught. 434 00:41:39,663 --> 00:41:43,583 (Busn) l remember a British national newspaper ran a story 435 00:41:43,667 --> 00:41:45,668 in which the opinion was expressed 436 00:41:45,753 --> 00:41:48,046 that the Japanese would never be good flyers 437 00:41:48,130 --> 00:41:51,090 because they had no sense of balance 438 00:41:51,175 --> 00:41:56,846 through being carried on the backs of their mothers as children. 439 00:42:45,145 --> 00:42:50,900 (narrator) The Japanese secret weapon in Malaya was... the bicycle. 440 00:43:16,343 --> 00:43:20,805 When their tyres punctured, the Japanese soldiers simply rode on their rims. 441 00:43:20,889 --> 00:43:25,310 To the retreating British, the clatter on the stony road sounded like tanks, 442 00:43:25,394 --> 00:43:27,854 and added to their fear. 443 00:43:55,132 --> 00:44:00,136 l think the fundamental reason why we failed in Malaya 444 00:44:00,220 --> 00:44:04,223 was that we were stretched to the limit at that time 445 00:44:04,308 --> 00:44:07,518 in our war with Germany and ltaly 446 00:44:07,603 --> 00:44:14,942 and there simply were not the trained men, air forces and ships 447 00:44:15,069 --> 00:44:19,906 that we should have supplied to beat the Japanese attack. 448 00:44:31,377 --> 00:44:37,423 The priority of arms and equipment for Malaya at that time was very low. 449 00:44:37,508 --> 00:44:39,175 They were only number four, 450 00:44:39,259 --> 00:44:43,388 affer Great Britain, the Middle East and Russia. 451 00:44:43,514 --> 00:44:49,268 Also, with regard to men, the first priority was the Middle East, 452 00:44:49,353 --> 00:44:52,146 and Malaya only came second. 453 00:44:52,231 --> 00:44:57,652 Some of the Australians that arrived in Malaya had never even fired a rifle. 454 00:44:57,778 --> 00:45:01,781 So we did field very much a second eleven 455 00:45:01,907 --> 00:45:06,369 against the very highly trained and strongly supported Japanese. 456 00:45:06,954 --> 00:45:09,580 (narrator) Like the Americans at Pearl Harbour, 457 00:45:09,665 --> 00:45:15,169 the British in Malaya wrongly believed the Japanese air force was poor, 458 00:45:15,254 --> 00:45:19,674 but now British air cover waned and eventually disappeared. 459 00:45:19,758 --> 00:45:23,177 There was no effective plan to stop the Japanese by land 460 00:45:23,262 --> 00:45:26,055 and too little determination to resist. 461 00:45:30,102 --> 00:45:33,396 Your forces 462 00:45:33,480 --> 00:45:37,817 are not so aggressive as we expected. 463 00:46:09,475 --> 00:46:12,310 The British planners had thought that, at worst, 464 00:46:12,394 --> 00:46:15,438 northern Malaya could hold out for at least three months, 465 00:46:15,522 --> 00:46:20,443 enough time to enable substantial reinforcements to be sent to Singapore. 466 00:46:20,527 --> 00:46:25,531 But it took the Japanese, under General Yamashita, just seven weeks 467 00:46:25,616 --> 00:46:29,911 to advance the 600 miles down the Malayan peninsula. 468 00:46:37,044 --> 00:46:39,796 On February 8, 1942, 469 00:46:39,880 --> 00:46:42,882 they crossed the thousands yards of the Straits of Johor 470 00:46:42,966 --> 00:46:45,551 onto the island of Singapore. 471 00:46:47,471 --> 00:46:51,265 No defences had been built on the northern shore of the island, 472 00:46:51,350 --> 00:46:54,602 so the Japanese were able to land relatively unmolested. 473 00:46:54,728 --> 00:46:56,729 What is more, they were able to capture 474 00:46:56,814 --> 00:47:00,274 most of Singapore's water supplies with ease. 475 00:47:03,904 --> 00:47:08,366 By now, the Japanese bombers raided Singapore at will, 476 00:47:08,450 --> 00:47:10,785 for there was virtually no air defence. 477 00:47:11,995 --> 00:47:14,914 The Japanese, in fact, were almost out of ammunition 478 00:47:15,040 --> 00:47:18,459 and were considering withdrawing to the mainland, 479 00:47:18,544 --> 00:47:22,713 but, unknown to them, British morale had collapsed. 480 00:47:25,467 --> 00:47:28,803 (speaking Japanese) 481 00:47:31,181 --> 00:47:34,350 (translator) General Yamashita had not prepared any plans 482 00:47:34,434 --> 00:47:37,728 in the event of a British surrender. 483 00:47:39,314 --> 00:47:44,777 And so when, on February 15, Major Wild, General Percival's emissary, 484 00:47:44,862 --> 00:47:48,823 arrived at our forward headquarters at 3pm, 485 00:47:48,907 --> 00:47:51,033 no one there believed him. 486 00:47:53,996 --> 00:47:56,622 l was ordered to discuss with him 487 00:47:56,748 --> 00:48:02,253 his suggestion of a meeting between General Percival and General Yamashita. 488 00:48:02,337 --> 00:48:04,547 Major Wild wanted General Yamashita 489 00:48:04,631 --> 00:48:07,216 to go to the governor general's residence, 490 00:48:07,301 --> 00:48:09,594 but did not mention surrender. 491 00:48:09,678 --> 00:48:14,599 l told him it was out of the question for General Yamashita to go anywhere 492 00:48:14,683 --> 00:48:17,518 and that his general must come to us. 493 00:48:17,603 --> 00:48:23,357 Eventually Major Wild agreed to this and said he would bring him at 6pm, 494 00:48:23,442 --> 00:48:26,527 but again made no mention of surrender. 495 00:48:26,612 --> 00:48:32,325 When l reported this to my superiors, they were suspicious and unbelieving. 496 00:48:32,409 --> 00:48:37,079 However, l returned at six to meet General Percival and Major Wild. 497 00:48:37,748 --> 00:48:40,249 l guided them to the Ford factory, 498 00:48:40,334 --> 00:48:44,670 where the meeting with General Yamashita was to take place. 499 00:48:44,755 --> 00:48:48,090 Because of this disbelief on the Japanese side, 500 00:48:48,175 --> 00:48:53,054 they were still setting up tables when we arrived. 501 00:48:53,138 --> 00:48:56,182 Straight away General Yamashita asked General Percival 502 00:48:56,266 --> 00:48:58,059 whether he was surrendering. 503 00:48:58,143 --> 00:49:02,897 But the British general merely talked about wanting to keep 1 ,500 soldiers 504 00:49:02,981 --> 00:49:05,942 to maintain peace and order in Singapore. 505 00:49:06,026 --> 00:49:08,945 General Yamashita again asked about surrender, 506 00:49:09,029 --> 00:49:13,616 but General Percival went on talking about these 1 ,500 troops. 507 00:49:13,700 --> 00:49:17,536 And so these two conversations continued in parallel 508 00:49:17,621 --> 00:49:19,538 and time was passing. 509 00:49:19,623 --> 00:49:22,458 Finally, General Yamashita could wait no longer. 510 00:49:22,542 --> 00:49:27,129 He banged the table and asked General Percival if he was surrendering. 511 00:49:27,214 --> 00:49:31,384 Otherwise, the Japanese would launch an immediate night attack. 512 00:49:31,468 --> 00:49:33,552 Would that be all right? 513 00:49:33,637 --> 00:49:39,016 Percival replied, no, he did not want any more attacks. 514 00:49:39,101 --> 00:49:43,270 So again General Yamashita asked, "Will you surrender?" 515 00:49:43,355 --> 00:49:46,816 And at last General Percival said yes. 516 00:49:46,900 --> 00:49:48,985 (cheering) 517 00:50:00,247 --> 00:50:04,250 (narrator) Singapore had been thought by the British to be impregnable, 518 00:50:04,334 --> 00:50:07,003 but they were thinking of an attack from the sea. 519 00:50:07,087 --> 00:50:12,717 lndeed, all the big fortress guns pointed seaward, not landward. 520 00:50:12,884 --> 00:50:17,304 Said Churchill later, "The possibility of Singapore having no landward defences 521 00:50:17,389 --> 00:50:19,181 no more entered into my mind 522 00:50:19,266 --> 00:50:23,686 than that of a battleship being launched without a bottom." 523 00:50:23,770 --> 00:50:28,482 We were so surprised, because we expected that 524 00:50:28,567 --> 00:50:36,574 your forces were about 50,000 in total. 525 00:50:36,658 --> 00:50:39,952 And we found out that there were about 526 00:50:40,037 --> 00:50:47,251 1 10,000 prisoners in Singapore. 527 00:50:47,335 --> 00:50:50,880 (narrator) Singapore's fall was the worst military disaster 528 00:50:50,964 --> 00:50:53,549 in British history. 529 00:50:53,675 --> 00:50:57,511 More than 130,000 troops laid down their arms 530 00:50:57,596 --> 00:51:01,223 in the largest capitulation the British army has ever known. 531 00:51:01,308 --> 00:51:05,644 The Japanese soldiers are told not to be prisoners, 532 00:51:06,188 --> 00:51:08,105 so it's quite natural, 533 00:51:08,190 --> 00:51:14,028 when they see the tens of thousands of white prisoners at Singapore, 534 00:51:14,112 --> 00:51:16,197 they look down on them. 535 00:51:27,709 --> 00:51:30,419 Thousands of British and Commonwealth troops 536 00:51:30,504 --> 00:51:33,923 had arrived in Singapore only days before, 537 00:51:34,007 --> 00:51:36,717 just in time to surrender. 538 00:51:46,186 --> 00:51:50,481 Singapore's fall meant that the whole of Southeast Asia lay at Japan's feet. 539 00:51:50,565 --> 00:51:53,734 Within weeks, the Japanese army was at the borders of lndia 540 00:51:53,819 --> 00:51:57,404 and the Japanese navy was steaming close to the shores of Australia. 541 00:51:57,489 --> 00:52:01,700 They had succeeded beyond their wildest dreams. 542 00:52:06,832 --> 00:52:09,542 For the British, a last humiliation. 543 00:52:09,626 --> 00:52:14,713 The garrison was paraded before the triumphant Japanese. 544 00:52:48,123 --> 00:52:51,167 The sun had set on one imperial power. 545 00:52:55,881 --> 00:52:59,133 On another, the sun was still rising. 375 00:53:04,061 --> 00:53:07,689 © anoXmous @ http://thepiratebay.sx/user/Zen_Bud 376 00:53:07,690 --> 00:53:11,690 © anoXmous @ http://thepiratebay.sx/user/Zen_Bud 377 00:53:11,691 --> 00:53:15,691 © anoXmous @ http://thepiratebay.sx/user/Zen_Bud