1 00:00:45,000 --> 00:00:47,000 The duels between hunters and hunted 2 00:00:47,000 --> 00:00:51,000 are as dramatic as any event in the natural world. 3 00:00:54,000 --> 00:00:57,000 The stakes could not be higher. 4 00:01:02,000 --> 00:01:06,000 For both, it's a matter of life and death. 5 00:01:10,000 --> 00:01:14,000 Yet, surprisingly, it's the hunters that usually fail. 6 00:01:18,000 --> 00:01:20,000 To have any chance of survival, 7 00:01:20,000 --> 00:01:26,000 predators must be perfectly tuned to their own hunting arenas. 8 00:01:33,000 --> 00:01:37,000 Every habitat brings a different challenge. 9 00:01:57,000 --> 00:02:00,000 This series will reveal, as never before, 10 00:02:00,000 --> 00:02:05,000 the extraordinary range of strategies predators use to catch their prey. 11 00:02:14,000 --> 00:02:16,000 But even for the most skilful... 12 00:02:18,000 --> 00:02:21,000 ..success is never guaranteed. 13 00:03:06,000 --> 00:03:09,000 SCREECHING 14 00:03:09,000 --> 00:03:10,000 SNIFFS 15 00:03:10,000 --> 00:03:12,000 BARKS 16 00:03:14,000 --> 00:03:15,000 BARKS 17 00:03:17,000 --> 00:03:18,000 BARKS 18 00:03:24,000 --> 00:03:26,000 BARKS 19 00:03:26,000 --> 00:03:29,000 A female leopard on the prowl. 20 00:03:33,000 --> 00:03:36,000 Few predators instil more fear. 21 00:03:45,000 --> 00:03:46,000 SNIFFS 22 00:03:49,000 --> 00:03:52,000 Yet, out in the open, 23 00:03:52,000 --> 00:03:54,000 she has little chance of catching anything. 24 00:03:55,000 --> 00:04:00,000 To succeed, she must get within a few metres of her prey... 25 00:04:00,000 --> 00:04:02,000 undetected. 26 00:04:06,000 --> 00:04:09,000 Her strategy is to use cover, 27 00:04:09,000 --> 00:04:12,000 wearing it like a cloak of invisibility. 28 00:04:23,000 --> 00:04:27,000 She's an expert in stealth. 29 00:04:35,000 --> 00:04:38,000 Impala are her favourite prey. 30 00:04:43,000 --> 00:04:47,000 This one is just out of her range. 31 00:04:47,000 --> 00:04:48,000 SNIFFS 32 00:04:49,000 --> 00:04:53,000 She needs to get closer, within four metres. 33 00:04:54,000 --> 00:04:57,000 She only has a short burst of speed. 34 00:05:07,000 --> 00:05:11,000 She must stay hidden until she's in the strike zone. 35 00:05:20,000 --> 00:05:22,000 TWIG SNAPS 36 00:05:26,000 --> 00:05:30,000 But out of sight doesn't mean out of mind. 37 00:05:31,000 --> 00:05:35,000 Impala have acute hearing and a superb sense of smell. 38 00:05:35,000 --> 00:05:37,000 SNIFFS 39 00:05:48,000 --> 00:05:53,000 Now the only prey she can see is right out in the open. 40 00:05:58,000 --> 00:06:03,000 But leopards are the most versatile of all the big cats, 41 00:06:03,000 --> 00:06:08,000 adept at finding cover in the most unpromising places. 42 00:06:25,000 --> 00:06:30,000 The steep walls of the gully are now her cover for an ambush. 43 00:06:34,000 --> 00:06:39,000 The male puku is close enough, but he's too big to tackle. 44 00:06:41,000 --> 00:06:44,000 She needs to slip past him without being seen. 45 00:06:55,000 --> 00:06:58,000 If he spots her, he'll blow her cover. 46 00:07:00,000 --> 00:07:01,000 SNIFFS 47 00:07:17,000 --> 00:07:19,000 Slowly does it... 48 00:07:28,000 --> 00:07:30,000 To succeed here, 49 00:07:30,000 --> 00:07:33,000 she needs to find prey grazing close to the edge. 50 00:07:34,000 --> 00:07:35,000 Or better still, 51 00:07:35,000 --> 00:07:37,000 in the gully itself. 52 00:08:23,000 --> 00:08:25,000 Frustration. 53 00:08:28,000 --> 00:08:31,000 Success would have staved off hunger for a week. 54 00:08:35,000 --> 00:08:37,000 But while there's prey around, there's hope. 55 00:08:41,000 --> 00:08:44,000 Peeking over the top is a risk, 56 00:08:44,000 --> 00:08:47,000 but it's the quickest way to find a new target. 57 00:09:08,000 --> 00:09:10,000 SNIFFS 58 00:09:23,000 --> 00:09:26,000 A burst of speed of 40mph 59 00:09:26,000 --> 00:09:28,000 and it's all over in less than six seconds. 60 00:09:38,000 --> 00:09:41,000 Except...it isn't. 61 00:09:50,000 --> 00:09:52,000 Dazed and disorientated, 62 00:09:52,000 --> 00:09:54,000 the impala makes a miraculous escape. 63 00:10:00,000 --> 00:10:02,000 It's been the perfect stealth hunt 64 00:10:02,000 --> 00:10:05,000 and she's nothing to show for it. 65 00:10:08,000 --> 00:10:12,000 But then, six out of seven leopard hunts end in failure. 66 00:10:16,000 --> 00:10:20,000 A leopard's hunting strategy depends on finding cover. 67 00:10:21,000 --> 00:10:24,000 But how do you catch your prey 68 00:10:24,000 --> 00:10:27,000 in a place where there's literally nowhere to hide? 69 00:10:29,000 --> 00:10:33,000 That's the challenge facing Zambia's wild dogs. 70 00:10:40,000 --> 00:10:44,000 This close-knit pack is made up of one adult female 71 00:10:44,000 --> 00:10:46,000 and her 12 offspring from last year. 72 00:10:57,000 --> 00:10:59,000 Unlike the solitary leopard, 73 00:10:59,000 --> 00:11:02,000 wild dogs depend for their survival on teamwork. 74 00:11:12,000 --> 00:11:14,000 Dogs that play together... 75 00:11:14,000 --> 00:11:15,000 work together. 76 00:11:23,000 --> 00:11:27,000 Each morning, the pack heads out across the open plain, 77 00:11:27,000 --> 00:11:29,000 prospecting for prey. 78 00:11:33,000 --> 00:11:36,000 Mother decides which direction they go. 79 00:11:39,000 --> 00:11:41,000 The rest stay close. 80 00:11:48,000 --> 00:11:52,000 They'll keep going for miles until they find the right kind of prey. 81 00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:03,000 Adult zebra are too big a challenge. 82 00:12:05,000 --> 00:12:08,000 And the same goes for tsessebe. 83 00:12:15,000 --> 00:12:18,000 An oribi is an easier target. 84 00:12:19,000 --> 00:12:22,000 But is it worth the effort, 85 00:12:22,000 --> 00:12:26,000 especially on an oribi that's as fit and bouncy as this one? 86 00:12:29,000 --> 00:12:32,000 Better to save their energy for something bigger. 87 00:12:37,000 --> 00:12:38,000 A wildebeest. 88 00:12:41,000 --> 00:12:43,000 It's what they've been looking for. 89 00:12:51,000 --> 00:12:54,000 The dogs need to make the wildebeest run. 90 00:12:56,000 --> 00:13:01,000 Their success will depend on wearing him down in a long chase. 91 00:13:22,000 --> 00:13:26,000 While the prey's running, the dogs have the advantage. 92 00:13:40,000 --> 00:13:44,000 But when the wildebeest stand their ground, the tables are turned. 93 00:13:46,000 --> 00:13:49,000 Faced with a wall of horns, 94 00:13:49,000 --> 00:13:52,000 the pack is powerless. 95 00:13:52,000 --> 00:13:56,000 But not all the wildebeest have had the courage to stop. 96 00:14:03,000 --> 00:14:06,000 Now the real contest begins. 97 00:14:11,000 --> 00:14:14,000 The wildebeest are big and strong. 98 00:14:17,000 --> 00:14:19,000 But the dogs have stamina. 99 00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:33,000 Right now, hunters and hunted are clocking 40mph. 100 00:14:35,000 --> 00:14:38,000 The pack can keep this pace up for miles. 101 00:14:43,000 --> 00:14:45,000 The wildebeest can't. 102 00:14:57,000 --> 00:14:59,000 One wildebeest peels off. 103 00:14:59,000 --> 00:15:02,000 Then another two. 104 00:15:02,000 --> 00:15:05,000 The split confuses the inexperienced pack, 105 00:15:05,000 --> 00:15:07,000 sending them in different directions. 106 00:15:11,000 --> 00:15:13,000 The mother and one youngster continue on. 107 00:15:22,000 --> 00:15:26,000 The rest of the pack stop, believing they have an easier target. 108 00:15:37,000 --> 00:15:38,000 It's a mistake. 109 00:15:40,000 --> 00:15:44,000 Like a beast with two heads, each bull protects the other's rear. 110 00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:47,000 And the dogs can do nothing. 111 00:15:53,000 --> 00:15:56,000 Ahead, the chase continues. 112 00:15:57,000 --> 00:15:59,000 Another wildebeest peels off. 113 00:15:59,000 --> 00:16:02,000 Now the mother has just one in her sights. 114 00:16:03,000 --> 00:16:07,000 But it will mean nothing without the help of the rest of the pack. 115 00:16:09,000 --> 00:16:12,000 The situation here has reached stalemate. 116 00:16:16,000 --> 00:16:19,000 The young dogs have lost valuable time. 117 00:16:19,000 --> 00:16:22,000 They must try and catch up with their mother. 118 00:16:32,000 --> 00:16:36,000 Back at the front, the mother is beginning to tire. 119 00:16:38,000 --> 00:16:40,000 And the wildebeest knows it, 120 00:16:40,000 --> 00:16:44,000 bouncing to show he's still strong and not worth chasing. 121 00:16:47,000 --> 00:16:50,000 But fresh, young legs are catching up fast. 122 00:17:03,000 --> 00:17:05,000 When one dog tires, 123 00:17:05,000 --> 00:17:08,000 there's always another member of the team to take up the lead. 124 00:17:13,000 --> 00:17:17,000 The dogs now have the numbers to bring the wildebeest down. 125 00:17:28,000 --> 00:17:31,000 Each bite risks a broken jaw, 126 00:17:31,000 --> 00:17:34,000 but going for the legs is the only way to stop it. 127 00:17:36,000 --> 00:17:40,000 And they must do so before it reaches the safety of the herd, 128 00:17:40,000 --> 00:17:42,000 a few hundred metres ahead. 129 00:18:07,000 --> 00:18:11,000 After a 20-minute chase, the bull's energy is near spent. 130 00:18:15,000 --> 00:18:19,000 This time there will be no sanctuary within the herd. 131 00:18:22,000 --> 00:18:25,000 The dogs' stamina has been rewarded. 132 00:18:25,000 --> 00:18:29,000 All they must do now is to bring their quarry to the ground. 133 00:18:34,000 --> 00:18:36,000 Working as a pack 134 00:18:36,000 --> 00:18:40,000 allows wild dogs to take on prey ten times heavier 135 00:18:40,000 --> 00:18:42,000 than any one of them. 136 00:18:49,000 --> 00:18:53,000 But many mouths need a lot of food. 137 00:18:56,000 --> 00:18:58,000 The price they pay for these numbers 138 00:18:58,000 --> 00:19:02,000 is knowing they'll have to attempt the same thing again tomorrow... 139 00:19:02,000 --> 00:19:04,000 and every day. 140 00:19:10,000 --> 00:19:14,000 Teamwork and stamina on Africa's open plains 141 00:19:14,000 --> 00:19:16,000 have proved to be a winning combination. 142 00:19:23,000 --> 00:19:27,000 But in the dense and complex world of the jungle, 143 00:19:27,000 --> 00:19:31,000 hunting is a never-ending game of hide and seek. 144 00:19:37,000 --> 00:19:40,000 Here, it pays to sit still... 145 00:19:41,000 --> 00:19:43,000 ..and blend in... 146 00:19:46,000 --> 00:19:50,000 ..because you just never know who's watching. 147 00:20:03,000 --> 00:20:06,000 The Parson's chameleon is an expert 148 00:20:06,000 --> 00:20:09,000 in the see-and-not-be-seen game. 149 00:20:14,000 --> 00:20:16,000 It lets its eyes do all the work... 150 00:20:18,000 --> 00:20:22,000 ..while the rest of its body moves in slow motion, 151 00:20:22,000 --> 00:20:24,000 so as not to scare possible targets. 152 00:20:26,000 --> 00:20:30,000 The problem is that it can only see prey if it moves. 153 00:20:32,000 --> 00:20:34,000 So is this a stick insect... 154 00:20:35,000 --> 00:20:37,000 ..or a stick? 155 00:20:39,000 --> 00:20:40,000 Ah-hah... 156 00:20:42,000 --> 00:20:45,000 Time to unleash its secret weapon... 157 00:20:51,000 --> 00:20:55,000 ..a tongue longer than its body. 158 00:21:00,000 --> 00:21:04,000 The Parson's close cousin, the nasutum chameleon, 159 00:21:04,000 --> 00:21:07,000 has the same weapon, but in miniature. 160 00:21:12,000 --> 00:21:17,000 As small as a matchstick, he needs to get much closer to its prey. 161 00:21:21,000 --> 00:21:24,000 But even with eyes as big as its stomach, 162 00:21:24,000 --> 00:21:27,000 this isn't the meal deal he was hoping for. 163 00:21:38,000 --> 00:21:42,000 In the jungle, it's hard finding the right-sized prey 164 00:21:42,000 --> 00:21:43,000 when you're a tiny predator. 165 00:21:50,000 --> 00:21:52,000 Promising opportunities 166 00:21:52,000 --> 00:21:55,000 can quickly turn to disappointment. 167 00:22:00,000 --> 00:22:04,000 Spotting any kind of prey in this dense, green world 168 00:22:04,000 --> 00:22:05,000 is hard. 169 00:22:07,000 --> 00:22:11,000 If you do find something, you want to make sure it doesn't escape. 170 00:22:13,000 --> 00:22:15,000 The praying mantis has arms 171 00:22:15,000 --> 00:22:18,000 that can strike ten times faster than a blink of the eye. 172 00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:26,000 And it's the only insect known to see in 3D. 173 00:22:27,000 --> 00:22:30,000 Perfect for judging strike distances. 174 00:22:36,000 --> 00:22:38,000 But like the chameleon, 175 00:22:38,000 --> 00:22:41,000 her problem is seeing prey when it freezes. 176 00:22:44,000 --> 00:22:47,000 She needs some movement to be sure it's food. 177 00:22:49,000 --> 00:22:51,000 Just the tiniest sign of life. 178 00:22:57,000 --> 00:22:58,000 Yep, that's done it. 179 00:23:03,000 --> 00:23:07,000 The lightning strike has given her the edge over her insect prey, 180 00:23:07,000 --> 00:23:11,000 but it doesn't pay to be complacent. 181 00:23:19,000 --> 00:23:21,000 In the jungle arms race, 182 00:23:21,000 --> 00:23:25,000 only too often there's someone else with a more powerful weapon. 183 00:23:29,000 --> 00:23:32,000 And there's one predator that has, perhaps, 184 00:23:32,000 --> 00:23:36,000 the most ingenious answer of all to the jungle's challenge. 185 00:23:37,000 --> 00:23:42,000 It lives along rivers in the rainforests of Madagascar. 186 00:23:43,000 --> 00:23:47,000 The insects it hunts fly down the same jungle corridors. 187 00:23:49,000 --> 00:23:50,000 But there's a problem. 188 00:23:51,000 --> 00:23:54,000 It's a web-building spider. 189 00:23:54,000 --> 00:23:57,000 So how does it get over the river to hunt? 190 00:23:58,000 --> 00:24:01,000 It's called Darwin's bark spider 191 00:24:01,000 --> 00:24:05,000 and the female has a remarkable strategy. 192 00:24:23,000 --> 00:24:27,000 Like a real-life Spider-Woman, 193 00:24:27,000 --> 00:24:32,000 she sprays strands of silk in one long, continuous flow. 194 00:24:35,000 --> 00:24:38,000 The threads fan out like a sail 195 00:24:38,000 --> 00:24:41,000 and drift on air currents blowing across the water. 196 00:24:43,000 --> 00:24:46,000 Every few seconds, she crimps the strands together 197 00:24:46,000 --> 00:24:48,000 to stop them spreading too widely. 198 00:24:51,000 --> 00:24:53,000 The breeze will do the rest, 199 00:24:53,000 --> 00:24:58,000 blowing the threads into a single line and a 25-metre bridge. 200 00:25:01,000 --> 00:25:06,000 Now she must reinforce her bridge, because her web will hang from it. 201 00:25:12,000 --> 00:25:16,000 But there's something bouncing the line at the other end. 202 00:25:16,000 --> 00:25:21,000 Another Darwin's spider is trying to take advantage of her hard work. 203 00:25:28,000 --> 00:25:31,000 She must deal with the intruder head on. 204 00:25:35,000 --> 00:25:38,000 The cut line is an inconvenience, 205 00:25:38,000 --> 00:25:40,000 but no more than that. 206 00:25:42,000 --> 00:25:46,000 With hooks on the tips of each leg, she gathers in the thread. 207 00:25:51,000 --> 00:25:55,000 It won't go to waste, as she'll eat it later. 208 00:26:02,000 --> 00:26:05,000 When it's all reeled in, she sprays again. 209 00:26:08,000 --> 00:26:13,000 Out streams another 25-metre bridging line. 210 00:26:21,000 --> 00:26:23,000 How a spider, no bigger than a thumbnail, 211 00:26:23,000 --> 00:26:26,000 can produce so much silk so quickly 212 00:26:26,000 --> 00:26:28,000 has baffled scientists. 213 00:26:32,000 --> 00:26:34,000 And it's no ordinary silk. 214 00:26:34,000 --> 00:26:37,000 It's the toughest natural fibre on the planet, 215 00:26:37,000 --> 00:26:38,000 tougher than steel. 216 00:26:41,000 --> 00:26:45,000 And it needs to be tough to span the wide river. 217 00:26:47,000 --> 00:26:49,000 With the bridge taut 218 00:26:49,000 --> 00:26:51,000 and the ground anchor in place, 219 00:26:51,000 --> 00:26:54,000 it's time to construct her trap. 220 00:27:07,000 --> 00:27:11,000 These spiders can build the world's largest orb webs, 221 00:27:11,000 --> 00:27:12,000 up to two metres wide. 222 00:27:16,000 --> 00:27:19,000 A few hours from the first spray of bridging line, 223 00:27:19,000 --> 00:27:21,000 the job is done. 224 00:27:25,000 --> 00:27:27,000 Now her strategy is simple... 225 00:27:28,000 --> 00:27:30,000 ..sit and wait. 226 00:27:50,000 --> 00:27:53,000 And there's one final bout of silk production... 227 00:27:55,000 --> 00:27:58,000 ..shrink-wrapping her food for later. 228 00:28:04,000 --> 00:28:07,000 Not all rivers provide their predators 229 00:28:07,000 --> 00:28:09,000 with a steady supply of prey. 230 00:28:10,000 --> 00:28:13,000 On the Grumeti River in Tanzania 231 00:28:13,000 --> 00:28:16,000 lives the planet's most patient predator. 232 00:28:20,000 --> 00:28:21,000 A Nile crocodile. 233 00:28:24,000 --> 00:28:25,000 Five metres long, 234 00:28:25,000 --> 00:28:27,000 700 kilos 235 00:28:27,000 --> 00:28:29,000 and very hungry. 236 00:28:31,000 --> 00:28:35,000 His last square meal was nearly a year ago. 237 00:28:41,000 --> 00:28:44,000 The river's other residents aren't food... 238 00:28:46,000 --> 00:28:47,000 ..just a distraction. 239 00:28:48,000 --> 00:28:51,000 He is waiting for something bigger 240 00:28:51,000 --> 00:28:54,000 from over the horizon. 241 00:28:56,000 --> 00:28:58,000 But beyond the big croc's isolated river, 242 00:28:58,000 --> 00:29:01,000 there's still no sign of the migratory herds 243 00:29:01,000 --> 00:29:03,000 he depends on for survival. 244 00:29:11,000 --> 00:29:14,000 Other, smaller crocs are waiting, too... 245 00:29:15,000 --> 00:29:19,000 ..but their meal ticket depends on the hunting skills of the big guy. 246 00:29:26,000 --> 00:29:29,000 The herds could be here in a week, or a month. 247 00:29:29,000 --> 00:29:32,000 In rare years, not at all. 248 00:29:34,000 --> 00:29:38,000 Until then, the crocs must conserve their energy. 249 00:29:59,000 --> 00:30:02,000 GRUNTING AND MOOING 250 00:30:02,000 --> 00:30:05,000 Finally, the sound they've all been waiting for. 251 00:30:12,000 --> 00:30:14,000 The herds have arrived. 252 00:30:22,000 --> 00:30:26,000 It's time for the crocs to get into position. 253 00:30:36,000 --> 00:30:39,000 All eyes will be on the big guy. 254 00:30:40,000 --> 00:30:45,000 Only he has the power to tackle a full-grown wildebeest. 255 00:30:52,000 --> 00:30:55,000 The year-long wait is almost over. 256 00:31:01,000 --> 00:31:05,000 After months on the march, the wildebeest are desperate to drink. 257 00:31:11,000 --> 00:31:15,000 But experience has taught the adults to be cautious. 258 00:31:23,000 --> 00:31:26,000 The water is just too inviting for a calf, 259 00:31:26,000 --> 00:31:28,000 unaware of the dangers within. 260 00:31:38,000 --> 00:31:41,000 But every wildebeest must take its chances... 261 00:31:44,000 --> 00:31:46,000 ..and hope that its reflexes are faster 262 00:31:46,000 --> 00:31:49,000 than what many know lurks in the murky waters. 263 00:31:57,000 --> 00:31:59,000 Just a harmless hippo. 264 00:32:21,000 --> 00:32:23,000 That was no hippo. 265 00:32:27,000 --> 00:32:30,000 It's put the wildebeest more on edge. 266 00:32:35,000 --> 00:32:39,000 But here, fear always gives way to thirst. 267 00:33:07,000 --> 00:33:11,000 Catching the wildebeest is all about timing. 268 00:33:35,000 --> 00:33:38,000 The big croc's technique is rusty. 269 00:33:38,000 --> 00:33:40,000 It's been a whole year since his last hunt 270 00:33:40,000 --> 00:33:42,000 and he's out of practice. 271 00:33:47,000 --> 00:33:51,000 But this isn't the end of the drama, just an intermission. 272 00:33:53,000 --> 00:33:55,000 For the next two weeks, 273 00:33:55,000 --> 00:33:58,000 waves of wildebeest will pass through the Grumeti. 274 00:34:02,000 --> 00:34:05,000 Time for the big croc to try a different tactic. 275 00:34:08,000 --> 00:34:10,000 The floating log. 276 00:34:13,000 --> 00:34:17,000 He's hoping the wildebeest won't notice him until it's too late. 277 00:34:40,000 --> 00:34:42,000 Now the smaller crocs move in. 278 00:34:45,000 --> 00:34:49,000 The big croc will need their help to tear off chunks. 279 00:34:50,000 --> 00:34:54,000 Crocs can't chew, so they have to spin together 280 00:34:54,000 --> 00:34:56,000 to tear pieces off the carcass. 281 00:34:58,000 --> 00:34:59,000 Everyone gets their share... 282 00:35:01,000 --> 00:35:04,000 ..and it's all thanks to the big guy. 283 00:35:06,000 --> 00:35:11,000 He won't feed again until the wildebeest return next year. 284 00:35:15,000 --> 00:35:19,000 Across the globe, millions of animals are continuously on the move 285 00:35:19,000 --> 00:35:23,000 in search of seasonal food. 286 00:35:23,000 --> 00:35:26,000 But it's not just prey animals that must migrate. 287 00:35:27,000 --> 00:35:30,000 Some predators have to journey, too. 288 00:35:37,000 --> 00:35:41,000 Amur falcons are one of the world's greatest long-distance travellers. 289 00:35:45,000 --> 00:35:49,000 As their prey dries up in their breeding grounds in Siberia, 290 00:35:49,000 --> 00:35:53,000 they embark on an epic migration to Southern Africa, 291 00:35:53,000 --> 00:35:58,000 crossing 14 countries, two continents and one ocean. 292 00:36:01,000 --> 00:36:05,000 Only here, in this remote valley in northeast India, 293 00:36:05,000 --> 00:36:07,000 do they join forces. 294 00:36:18,000 --> 00:36:20,000 A million falcons 295 00:36:20,000 --> 00:36:23,000 and the greatest gathering of birds of prey on the planet. 296 00:36:38,000 --> 00:36:43,000 This valley is a vital pit stop on the falcons' migration. 297 00:36:45,000 --> 00:36:48,000 The tiny raptors can go no further 298 00:36:48,000 --> 00:36:50,000 until they build up their fat reserves... 299 00:36:52,000 --> 00:36:56,000 ..and they've timed their arrival here perfectly. 300 00:37:02,000 --> 00:37:06,000 For just a few weeks each year, winged termites, alates, 301 00:37:06,000 --> 00:37:10,000 leave the safety of their mounds in millions. 302 00:37:27,000 --> 00:37:30,000 High in calories, these alates are exactly what the falcons need 303 00:37:30,000 --> 00:37:33,000 to fuel their oceanic crossing, 304 00:37:33,000 --> 00:37:37,000 the longest made by any bird of prey. 305 00:38:01,000 --> 00:38:03,000 To have any chance of surviving their journey, 306 00:38:03,000 --> 00:38:08,000 they must nearly double their weight in just two weeks. 307 00:38:12,000 --> 00:38:14,000 Those that make it to South Africa 308 00:38:14,000 --> 00:38:18,000 will have to do the whole trip back again in four months' time. 309 00:38:20,000 --> 00:38:22,000 For Amur falcons, 310 00:38:22,000 --> 00:38:27,000 survival means flying 14,000 miles every year of their lives. 311 00:38:38,000 --> 00:38:41,000 For some predators, it's not the distance they have to travel 312 00:38:41,000 --> 00:38:43,000 that's their greatest challenge, 313 00:38:43,000 --> 00:38:44,000 but the size of their prey. 314 00:38:46,000 --> 00:38:49,000 And few challenges come bigger than the one in this ocean. 315 00:38:51,000 --> 00:38:54,000 Each year, female humpback whales 316 00:38:54,000 --> 00:38:58,000 journey from their feeding grounds in Antarctica to Australia 317 00:38:58,000 --> 00:39:00,000 to have their calves. 318 00:39:01,000 --> 00:39:04,000 These calm, warm waters are a perfect nursery. 319 00:39:06,000 --> 00:39:08,000 Perfect, but for one thing. 320 00:39:12,000 --> 00:39:14,000 Orcas, killer whales. 321 00:39:16,000 --> 00:39:19,000 They appear just as the migration begins. 322 00:39:20,000 --> 00:39:22,000 And they're on the hunt for calves. 323 00:39:24,000 --> 00:39:28,000 Highly intelligent, orca are the ocean's most successful predator. 324 00:39:32,000 --> 00:39:35,000 When hunting, they can travel at 30mph... 325 00:39:38,000 --> 00:39:41,000 ..twice as fast as a mother and calf. 326 00:40:04,000 --> 00:40:07,000 The hunters close in silently. 327 00:40:13,000 --> 00:40:17,000 It's only now that the mother realises they've been followed. 328 00:40:17,000 --> 00:40:20,000 The orca have the advantage of numbers, 329 00:40:20,000 --> 00:40:21,000 but they need to be cautious. 330 00:40:23,000 --> 00:40:27,000 The mother's rear is protected by a five-metre-wide tail 331 00:40:27,000 --> 00:40:29,000 that could slice through them. 332 00:40:33,000 --> 00:40:37,000 Her flanks are defended by a pair of long, barnacle-covered flippers. 333 00:40:39,000 --> 00:40:41,000 And in the middle is the calf, 334 00:40:41,000 --> 00:40:44,000 riding high on its mother's back and out of reach. 335 00:40:45,000 --> 00:40:47,000 To separate mother from calf, 336 00:40:47,000 --> 00:40:50,000 the orca must use all their intelligence. 337 00:40:51,000 --> 00:40:53,000 They take it in turns 338 00:40:53,000 --> 00:40:56,000 to try and wave wash the baby away from its mother. 339 00:41:02,000 --> 00:41:05,000 In a month, the calf would be strong enough to withstand the onslaught. 340 00:41:07,000 --> 00:41:09,000 Not now. 341 00:41:13,000 --> 00:41:16,000 But then the tables are turned. 342 00:41:17,000 --> 00:41:21,000 A male humpback arrives, driving the orca away with its flippers. 343 00:41:30,000 --> 00:41:34,000 And the situation worsens when a second male appears. 344 00:41:35,000 --> 00:41:40,000 Now the pod face the power of three 40-tonne whales, 345 00:41:40,000 --> 00:41:43,000 and the escorts make their weight count. 346 00:41:52,000 --> 00:41:56,000 The bubbles are like a smokescreen, 347 00:41:56,000 --> 00:41:59,000 blocking the orcas' vision and sonar. 348 00:42:01,000 --> 00:42:03,000 There's a real danger of being injured 349 00:42:03,000 --> 00:42:06,000 by an unseen fluke or flipper. 350 00:42:17,000 --> 00:42:20,000 With the escorts defending both sides of the mother, 351 00:42:20,000 --> 00:42:23,000 the killer whales have been outmanoeuvred. 352 00:42:32,000 --> 00:42:35,000 As the orca retreat, the escorts drive home their advantage, 353 00:42:35,000 --> 00:42:37,000 pushing the hunters further away. 354 00:42:45,000 --> 00:42:47,000 It's an error of judgment. 355 00:42:49,000 --> 00:42:51,000 With mother and calf unprotected, 356 00:42:51,000 --> 00:42:54,000 the orca double back before the humpbacks can react. 357 00:43:17,000 --> 00:43:20,000 The killer whales separate the calf from its mother. 358 00:43:23,000 --> 00:43:25,000 They push the calf underwater 359 00:43:25,000 --> 00:43:28,000 and drown it. 360 00:43:33,000 --> 00:43:38,000 The intelligent hunters have turned defeat into victory. 361 00:43:45,000 --> 00:43:50,000 The orcas' prize is so large that sharks are quick to take advantage. 362 00:44:01,000 --> 00:44:05,000 Through intelligence, stamina and teamwork, 363 00:44:05,000 --> 00:44:09,000 the orca have mastered the ocean's greatest challenge. 364 00:44:10,000 --> 00:44:14,000 Yet even they fail as often as they succeed. 365 00:44:23,000 --> 00:44:26,000 Most predators fail most of the time. 366 00:44:28,000 --> 00:44:31,000 It's what makes them the hardest-working animals 367 00:44:31,000 --> 00:44:33,000 on the planet. 368 00:44:40,000 --> 00:44:44,000 The pressure is even greater when they have other mouths to feed. 369 00:44:52,000 --> 00:44:54,000 At eight months old, 370 00:44:54,000 --> 00:44:58,000 these cubs are still totally dependent on their mother. 371 00:45:02,000 --> 00:45:06,000 To support them she must kill something large, like a gazelle, 372 00:45:06,000 --> 00:45:08,000 nearly every day. 373 00:45:11,000 --> 00:45:13,000 But these youngsters are proof 374 00:45:13,000 --> 00:45:16,000 that she has overcome the challenge of their habitat. 375 00:45:20,000 --> 00:45:25,000 Few cheetah mothers get this far with four cubs. 376 00:45:39,000 --> 00:45:42,000 If the cubs are to survive without her, 377 00:45:42,000 --> 00:45:44,000 they must watch their mother carefully 378 00:45:44,000 --> 00:45:48,000 and learn the strategies for hunting on the open plains. 379 00:45:52,000 --> 00:45:54,000 There's a lot to take in. 380 00:46:15,000 --> 00:46:17,000 They'll need to learn 381 00:46:17,000 --> 00:46:21,000 that their top speed can only be sustained for a few seconds. 382 00:46:32,000 --> 00:46:36,000 They'll have to master how to match the twisting turns of the prey, 383 00:46:36,000 --> 00:46:38,000 so they get close enough to trip it. 384 00:46:58,000 --> 00:47:02,000 And they will soon learn the margin for error is tiny. 385 00:47:07,000 --> 00:47:10,000 The odds are against them. 386 00:47:15,000 --> 00:47:18,000 90% of cheetah cubs 387 00:47:18,000 --> 00:47:21,000 never make it to their second birthday. 388 00:47:24,000 --> 00:47:26,000 Even with this experienced mother, 389 00:47:26,000 --> 00:47:30,000 the future for this family is far from certain. 390 00:47:34,000 --> 00:47:38,000 All any predator can do is to keep on trying. 391 00:47:54,000 --> 00:47:56,000 For The Hunt team, 392 00:47:56,000 --> 00:47:59,000 filming a Nile crocodile capturing a wildebeest 393 00:47:59,000 --> 00:48:03,000 would require the same skill, patience and reactions 394 00:48:03,000 --> 00:48:06,000 as the five-metre reptile. 395 00:48:10,000 --> 00:48:13,000 The timing of the shoot would also be critical, 396 00:48:13,000 --> 00:48:15,000 since this behaviour only happens 397 00:48:15,000 --> 00:48:19,000 when the crocs' river is at its lowest point. 398 00:48:22,000 --> 00:48:26,000 But things get off to the worst possible start - 399 00:48:26,000 --> 00:48:30,000 the river in flood in the middle of the dry season. 400 00:48:31,000 --> 00:48:33,000 What we hoped for was that the Grumeti River 401 00:48:33,000 --> 00:48:35,000 would be just a series of pools 402 00:48:35,000 --> 00:48:37,000 full of crocodiles. 403 00:48:37,000 --> 00:48:40,000 They're probably scattered over 30 or 40 miles of river. 404 00:48:40,000 --> 00:48:41,000 So we've got to wait for two things - 405 00:48:41,000 --> 00:48:44,000 the crocs to bunch up and the wildebeest to come. 406 00:48:45,000 --> 00:48:49,000 As well as Mark, this small crew includes son Jacca 407 00:48:49,000 --> 00:48:52,000 and camerawoman and wife Vicky. 408 00:48:53,000 --> 00:48:55,000 Are you keeping watch? 409 00:48:55,000 --> 00:48:58,000 I am. I'm watching my son and my husband 410 00:48:58,000 --> 00:49:02,000 in a very deep, muddy river with lots of crocodiles! 411 00:49:02,000 --> 00:49:05,000 You could lose a large part of your family here if you're not careful. 412 00:49:05,000 --> 00:49:07,000 Yeah. Basically, half of us could be wiped out. 413 00:49:07,000 --> 00:49:09,000 These crocs hunt by stealth 414 00:49:09,000 --> 00:49:12,000 and they can sneak up in this dark, murky water 415 00:49:12,000 --> 00:49:13,000 right to the edge of the bank. 416 00:49:13,000 --> 00:49:17,000 So the golden rule of filming here 417 00:49:17,000 --> 00:49:20,000 is to be one metre from the water. 418 00:49:25,000 --> 00:49:28,000 Not to be outdone by the floodwater, 419 00:49:28,000 --> 00:49:31,000 the team sets up the first hide. 420 00:49:35,000 --> 00:49:38,000 But any idea of filming is soon swept away. 421 00:49:40,000 --> 00:49:42,000 Literally, within half an hour, an hour, 422 00:49:42,000 --> 00:49:43,000 I felt water around my ankles. 423 00:49:43,000 --> 00:49:46,000 If I was still in that hide, then he definitely wouldn't be on the bank. 424 00:49:46,000 --> 00:49:49,000 We're not going to go in and get it. 425 00:49:49,000 --> 00:49:50,000 The water the colour it is 426 00:49:50,000 --> 00:49:53,000 and knowing that he's got friends around, 427 00:49:53,000 --> 00:49:55,000 who could be literally just at the base there. 428 00:49:55,000 --> 00:49:58,000 With a flooded river and no wildebeest, 429 00:49:58,000 --> 00:50:01,000 the wait was going to be longer than expected. 430 00:50:01,000 --> 00:50:03,000 Crocs are used to being patient. 431 00:50:03,000 --> 00:50:06,000 But now we've got to show equal patience. 432 00:50:10,000 --> 00:50:12,000 Leaving the raging river, 433 00:50:12,000 --> 00:50:15,000 the team go in search of the migrating wildebeest, 434 00:50:15,000 --> 00:50:19,000 to see just how far they are from the Grumeti. 435 00:50:21,000 --> 00:50:23,000 I think we should go over the other side 436 00:50:23,000 --> 00:50:25,000 and then we'll get a sense of the number. 437 00:50:25,000 --> 00:50:28,000 Should be up here. Do you want to take the controls? I'll take the controls. 438 00:50:28,000 --> 00:50:31,000 It's some time before they find the wildebeest 439 00:50:31,000 --> 00:50:33,000 on the Serengeti's vast plains. 440 00:50:35,000 --> 00:50:37,000 Loads there. Loads? 441 00:50:37,000 --> 00:50:39,000 Yeah, spread all the way across... Oh, OK! 442 00:50:39,000 --> 00:50:40,000 Fantastic. How far away are we? 443 00:50:40,000 --> 00:50:43,000 70 miles away. 444 00:50:43,000 --> 00:50:45,000 Still a long way from the Grumeti, 445 00:50:45,000 --> 00:50:49,000 but at least the wildebeest were heading in the right direction. 446 00:50:49,000 --> 00:50:52,000 MARK TALKS INDISTINCTLY 447 00:50:56,000 --> 00:50:58,000 The wildebeest are still a long way away 448 00:50:58,000 --> 00:51:01,000 but, in the meantime, we can hopefully pick up 449 00:51:01,000 --> 00:51:04,000 these intimate moments with these really huge crocs. 450 00:51:07,000 --> 00:51:09,000 Finding the biggest and most dominant croc 451 00:51:09,000 --> 00:51:11,000 would be key to the team's success. 452 00:51:13,000 --> 00:51:17,000 Only the top croc would be powerful enough to grab a wildebeest. 453 00:51:19,000 --> 00:51:21,000 To find their star, 454 00:51:21,000 --> 00:51:24,000 Mark and Vicky would need to look out for territorial behaviour. 455 00:51:26,000 --> 00:51:29,000 Today it's sunny and it's early in the morning. 456 00:51:29,000 --> 00:51:31,000 I'm full of hope. 457 00:51:32,000 --> 00:51:36,000 But at the end of the day, all Mark sees is one static croc. 458 00:51:38,000 --> 00:51:41,000 He lay on the sandbank all day, I guess, seven hours. 459 00:51:43,000 --> 00:51:45,000 Urgh! Patience. 460 00:51:45,000 --> 00:51:47,000 And Vicky wasn't having much luck, either. 461 00:51:47,000 --> 00:51:51,000 When we first found it, there were crocs all over the bank over there 462 00:51:51,000 --> 00:51:54,000 and now I've been in here several hours and there's not one. 463 00:51:55,000 --> 00:51:57,000 After a week, 464 00:51:57,000 --> 00:52:00,000 Mark and Vicky are no closer to finding their dominant croc. 465 00:52:01,000 --> 00:52:05,000 But at least the news on the wildebeest was more positive. 466 00:52:05,000 --> 00:52:07,000 34 miles. Getting closer. 467 00:52:07,000 --> 00:52:10,000 Back on the river, it was like Groundhog Day. 468 00:52:11,000 --> 00:52:13,000 Crocs are all-or-nothing creatures. 469 00:52:14,000 --> 00:52:17,000 And I'm afraid it's been another day of nothing. 470 00:52:18,000 --> 00:52:22,000 With no sign of any action, the hours of watching motionless crocs 471 00:52:22,000 --> 00:52:24,000 were beginning to take their toll. 472 00:52:26,000 --> 00:52:28,000 It's like watching paint dry. 473 00:52:33,000 --> 00:52:35,000 Well, that was useless. 474 00:52:35,000 --> 00:52:36,000 Utterly useless. 475 00:52:38,000 --> 00:52:39,000 The crocs just didn't come. 476 00:52:39,000 --> 00:52:43,000 The team needed something to change 477 00:52:43,000 --> 00:52:45,000 and the falling water seemed a good omen. 478 00:52:46,000 --> 00:52:49,000 This is what the floodwaters left us - the lower jaw of a croc. 479 00:52:49,000 --> 00:52:51,000 And look at that. I mean, it's...it's heavy. 480 00:52:51,000 --> 00:52:54,000 This has come from a croc who must be at least five metres. 481 00:52:56,000 --> 00:52:58,000 And they're down there. 482 00:52:58,000 --> 00:53:01,000 Don't step too close to the water, sweetheart. 483 00:53:01,000 --> 00:53:03,000 I got too excited by the jaw! 484 00:53:06,000 --> 00:53:07,000 And with the water dropping, 485 00:53:07,000 --> 00:53:10,000 excitement was finally rising amongst the crocs. 486 00:53:17,000 --> 00:53:19,000 Well, that felt so different this morning. 487 00:53:19,000 --> 00:53:22,000 It really felt like there was an energy there... 488 00:53:23,000 --> 00:53:25,000 ..that hasn't been there for weeks. 489 00:53:25,000 --> 00:53:30,000 And it isn't long before the team find their dominant croc. 490 00:53:30,000 --> 00:53:35,000 The big territorial male, who we hope will do most of the hunting, 491 00:53:35,000 --> 00:53:36,000 has been very active this morning. 492 00:53:36,000 --> 00:53:40,000 He's been displaying, really patrolling this stretch. 493 00:53:42,000 --> 00:53:44,000 With a big croc to focus on, 494 00:53:44,000 --> 00:53:47,000 all they needed now were the wildebeest. 495 00:53:48,000 --> 00:53:52,000 Mark and Vicky take to the skies to check on their progress. 496 00:53:52,000 --> 00:53:55,000 Look, right as far as you can see... 497 00:53:55,000 --> 00:53:58,000 The crocs might actually get a meal. That's great, Vick. 498 00:53:59,000 --> 00:54:03,000 The wildebeest were, at last, less than a day away from the Grumeti. 499 00:54:08,000 --> 00:54:12,000 Mark and Vicky take up positions on either side of the river. 500 00:54:12,000 --> 00:54:14,000 WHISPERS: We can see wildebeest 501 00:54:14,000 --> 00:54:16,000 just trying to come down, 502 00:54:16,000 --> 00:54:18,000 but they're just so nervous. 503 00:54:18,000 --> 00:54:22,000 After such a long wait, it's a tense time. 504 00:54:24,000 --> 00:54:27,000 Success for crew and croc 505 00:54:27,000 --> 00:54:29,000 will depend on split-second reactions. 506 00:54:41,000 --> 00:54:44,000 For the big croc, the first session ends in failure. 507 00:54:45,000 --> 00:54:49,000 It's very easy to have empathy for the animals that are being hunted, 508 00:54:49,000 --> 00:54:52,000 but I have to say that, in this instance... 509 00:54:53,000 --> 00:54:56,000 ..my sympathies are all with the crocs. 510 00:54:56,000 --> 00:54:59,000 We've just seen how, over the past month, 511 00:54:59,000 --> 00:55:01,000 they've had nothing to eat at all 512 00:55:01,000 --> 00:55:03,000 and that's been what they've experienced for the last year. 513 00:55:06,000 --> 00:55:10,000 And it's a few days before the wildebeest return. 514 00:55:10,000 --> 00:55:12,000 It's 12 o'clock. 515 00:55:12,000 --> 00:55:16,000 Very hot, but I can hear the wildebeest again. 516 00:55:18,000 --> 00:55:20,000 There's a baby going in a bit further. 517 00:55:20,000 --> 00:55:22,000 Come on... 518 00:55:24,000 --> 00:55:26,000 Something's got to happen. 519 00:55:26,000 --> 00:55:27,000 Yeah, now he's right out there. 520 00:55:29,000 --> 00:55:31,000 Croc's right there next to him. 521 00:55:32,000 --> 00:55:34,000 Oh, God, you can see the croc underneath the surface. 522 00:55:34,000 --> 00:55:37,000 You can just see the swirl and just the dark shape. 523 00:55:37,000 --> 00:55:39,000 And there he goes! Oh! 524 00:55:40,000 --> 00:55:42,000 Urgh! 525 00:55:44,000 --> 00:55:46,000 And he missed him again. 526 00:55:46,000 --> 00:55:49,000 Yeah, at this time of the year, it's absolutely crucial for them. 527 00:55:49,000 --> 00:55:52,000 If they don't feed now, then they're in dire straits. 528 00:55:55,000 --> 00:55:57,000 Oh, here they come. 529 00:55:57,000 --> 00:55:59,000 Thirsty innocence. 530 00:56:01,000 --> 00:56:03,000 Come on, guys. That's better. 531 00:56:03,000 --> 00:56:05,000 Come on, you can do it. 532 00:56:05,000 --> 00:56:09,000 Got two there now, coming down on their knees next to them. 533 00:56:11,000 --> 00:56:13,000 Come on, you can do it. 534 00:56:13,000 --> 00:56:15,000 Just one footstep further out. 535 00:56:15,000 --> 00:56:17,000 That's all that croc needs. 536 00:56:18,000 --> 00:56:19,000 Oh, yeah, yeah. 537 00:56:19,000 --> 00:56:21,000 Go on... 538 00:56:21,000 --> 00:56:22,000 There he goes! 539 00:56:27,000 --> 00:56:29,000 Well, that was amazing. I mean, just... 540 00:56:29,000 --> 00:56:31,000 It suddenly happened. 541 00:56:31,000 --> 00:56:35,000 Trying to work out where the crocs were underwater was a nightmare! 542 00:56:35,000 --> 00:56:37,000 That was so intense. 543 00:56:37,000 --> 00:56:39,000 One minute, there was nothing. 544 00:56:39,000 --> 00:56:42,000 And the next minute, the bank was covered in wildebeest and then... 545 00:56:42,000 --> 00:56:43,000 one was taken. 546 00:56:47,000 --> 00:56:49,000 But I got it! 547 00:56:53,000 --> 00:56:56,000 Next time, the hunt is on in the frozen north, 548 00:56:56,000 --> 00:56:58,000 the High Arctic. 549 00:57:00,000 --> 00:57:04,000 One of the toughest places on Earth in which to make a living. 550 00:57:06,000 --> 00:57:11,000 To succeed here, a predator must exploit the few good times... 551 00:57:12,000 --> 00:57:15,000 ..to endure the bad. 552 00:57:17,000 --> 00:57:25,000 For a free, interactive Open University poster, call... 553 00:57:25,000 --> 00:57:29,000 or go to... 554 00:57:29,000 --> 00:57:31,000 and follow the links to the Open University. 555 00:58:05,000 --> 00:58:07,000 # I put a spell on you 556 00:58:10,000 --> 00:58:14,000 # Cos you're mine 557 00:58:15,000 --> 00:58:17,000 # I can't stand it... #