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Downloaded from
YTS.MX

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Official YIFY movies site:
YTS.MX

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<i>[gentle music]</i>

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♪ ♪

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‐ Eight scientists are about
to be sealed

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in an eight‐story
airtight terrarium.

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‐ Shelley Taylor Morgan
is standing by at the site

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at Oracle, Arizona.
Hi, Shelley.

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‐ Morning.

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What you're seeing here
is the doorway

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that the eight Biospherians
are going to walk into

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and be sealed into
for two years.

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‐ Two years.

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‐ The futuristic‐looking steel
and glass structure

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is touted
as an environmental laboratory

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and prototype
for colonies in space.

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‐ They'll spend two years
in their prefab paradise

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trying to support themselves

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so that the rest of us
can learn

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what it would be like
if we had to move

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into a portable world
on another planet.

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‐ Its designers say
it's science.

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Its detractors say
it's a tourist attraction

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run by questionable characters.

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♪ ♪

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‐ It's starting to happen,
as you can see.

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There they are...

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‐ There they go.
‐ Saying goodbye.

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Doesn't this feel like
they're going to the Moon?

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‐ Well, I mean, yeah,
I'm expecting

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a blast‐off or something.
[laughs]

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No, it is. I'm getting chills
as we sit here and watch this,

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because it is really‐‐
‐ It really is.

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‐ You know, we may look back
upon this in a number of years

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and say
that was where it all began.

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[warm music]

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♪ ♪

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‐ The experimenter enters
the experiment

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in the grand tradition.

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‐ This is an incredible moment.
The future is here.

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♪ ♪

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[gentle music]

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♪ ♪

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‐ It started in San Francisco.

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♪ ♪

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I was 17.

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I was on my way
to a rehearsal,

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locked the door
of the apartment,

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and there was an older man
locking the door

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of his apartment
just next door.

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♪ ♪

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I'd never seen this man.

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He said, "What are you doing?"

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and I pulled out this book,
and I said,

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"Well, actually, I want to do
what's in this book."

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He said, "What's that?"

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so I described

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this slim novella
called "Mount Analogue"

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by a French writer.

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His name is Rene Daumal.

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"Mount Analogue"
is about a group of people

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who decided to land
on an island

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that didn't exist on any map,
and I loved this book,

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and I wanted to do
what those people did.

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He said, "Forget the book.
That's what I'm going to do."

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I said, "Well, as long
as there's theater and dance."

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He said, "Okay."

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And this was John Allen.

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That night, he said he was
calling all of his friends

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in New Mexico
to come to San Francisco,

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so a number of us moved in
together on my 18th birthday.

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‐ I had left New England
because I didn't want

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to get married in New England

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and be
the typical New England wife,

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have typical New England kids,
and live that lifestyle.

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Wonderful people,
but I didn't‐‐that wasn't me.

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I was waiting to figure out
what the heck I was gonna do,

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and I was desperate,
I was panicking.

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John Allen called me up
and said,

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"Get your butt here quick.

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This is where
it's happening planetarily."

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‐ There was a coworker that
I had at Lawrence Laboratory

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who said, "Well, go check out
John Allen in San Francisco."

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1967 in San Francisco,
there was all this, you know,

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people doing things
together in groups,

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and that was interesting
to me, so I went.

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["Something In The Air"
by Thunderclap Newman]

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♪ ♪

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‐ People were doing all sorts
of things at that time.

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‐ ♪ Call out ♪

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‐ There were a lot of people

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starting collectives,
communes,

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and we wanted to last,

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so we didn't take drugs.
That would kind of blow it.

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‐ ♪ Sooner or later ♪

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♪ Because
the revolution's here ♪

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‐ If one wants to make
a contribution to history,

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you notice those moments
of opening,

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and that's when you act.

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♪ ♪

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‐ ♪ And you know
that it's right ♪

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‐ We sat down
in the living room.

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What is it
that we're going to do?

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Well, we could do theater,
we could do art,

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we could do business, we could
do science, we could do‐‐

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and then somebody said,
"Let's do all of it."

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Okay.

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[string music]

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♪ ♪

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‐ We set up the Theater
of All Possibilities.

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That was our first project
together.

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♪ ♪

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‐ The theater engages
the entire organism,

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movement, thought, emotion.

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It gives you insights
into yourself,

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building a foundation
from which we could go on

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and do other projects.

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♪ ♪

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‐ I wanted to document
what we were doing.

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It was history.
It was important.

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So I taught myself
16mm filmmaking.

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I did a lot of handheld,
shaky‐‐

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well, I was forced to have

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a certain kind of a style
as a filmmaker,

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because of lack of funds,
and lack of knowledge also.

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♪ ♪

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I loved to get
close‐ups and faces.

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You know, it was like
you're catching

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the essence of a person.

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♪ ♪

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‐ I'd met very charismatic
people before,

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I'd met geniuses before,

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but there's no one
like John Allen.

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It was a feeling
of rightness that, yes,

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this is what I want to do.
This is a person

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I want to go on this voyage
into the unknown with.

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I love him.
I love him.

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I still love him.

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I wouldn't say it was a‐‐
yes, it was a relationship.

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Yeah, it was a very particular
kind of relationship

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which was based on friendship.

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‐ He's 12 years older
than I am,

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and we did have
a relationship,

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extremely platonic
in kind of a strange way.

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But, you know,
I was very fond of him,

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and I guess he was fond of me,

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and then suddenly,
he asked me to marry him.

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Oh, okay.
[laughs]

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That sounds good.
Yeah, so anyway, I did.

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When we got married,
it wasn't

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for the normal sort
of married life type of thing.

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It was‐‐we were married
to make a project.

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[ethereal music]

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♪ ♪

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‐ Being born in Oklahoma,
in those days,

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Oklahoma was still
a frontier state.

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Frontiers are very uncertain.
That's by definition, right?

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00:10:01,802 --> 00:10:03,870
A frontier is where two
or more cultures

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00:10:03,904 --> 00:10:06,673
are interfacing
with each other,

160
00:10:06,707 --> 00:10:10,677
and so it is dramatic, always.
What is gonna happen?

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♪ ♪

162
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I worked
at a meatpacking plant

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and did union organizing,
worked as a metallurgist,

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was in the US Army Corps
of Engineers,

165
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got an MBA at Harvard,

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and I wandered around,

167
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thinking about what I wanted
to do.

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I knew that would have
to be something unusual.

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[andante music]

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I was fundamentally interested
in transformation

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of where we're ordinarily at,

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of what the human potential
could be.

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♪ ♪

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‐ I think we'd had it
with San Francisco.

175
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The scene there became
corrupted by commercialism.

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♪ ♪

177
00:10:57,490 --> 00:11:01,995
We just decided we wanted
to have our own place.

178
00:11:02,028 --> 00:11:04,831
♪ ♪

179
00:11:04,865 --> 00:11:06,967
We found a beautiful piece
of land

180
00:11:07,000 --> 00:11:08,969
that wouldn't cost much,

181
00:11:09,002 --> 00:11:11,037
and where we could
build a ranch.

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00:11:11,071 --> 00:11:12,839
♪ ♪

183
00:11:12,873 --> 00:11:16,042
We called ourself Synergists.

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00:11:16,076 --> 00:11:23,016
♪ ♪

185
00:11:28,121 --> 00:11:31,491
‐ We needed to become
more directly connected

186
00:11:31,525 --> 00:11:36,329
with growing food
and not just being consumers.

187
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♪ ♪

188
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We were workaholics,

189
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running the ranch
and the theater.

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♪ ♪

191
00:11:50,811 --> 00:11:53,146
‐ Johnny was
a very good leader,

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and he instilled that.

193
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If you feel that you've been
given permission to go do

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any kind of a task,

195
00:12:01,021 --> 00:12:05,425
no matter‐‐almost no matter
what it is, you'll do it.

196
00:12:05,458 --> 00:12:08,394
[soft vocal music]

197
00:12:08,428 --> 00:12:15,368
♪ ♪

198
00:12:22,408 --> 00:12:24,945
‐ Our group was inspired

199
00:12:24,978 --> 00:12:26,947
by a lot
of different thinkers.

200
00:12:26,980 --> 00:12:30,283
♪ ♪

201
00:12:30,316 --> 00:12:32,085
The "Whole Earth Catalog,"

202
00:12:32,118 --> 00:12:37,290
that beautiful cover looking
at the planet as a whole.

203
00:12:37,323 --> 00:12:41,361
That was really thrilling.

204
00:12:41,394 --> 00:12:44,965
The works
of William S. Burroughs.

205
00:12:44,998 --> 00:12:47,534
He was seeing
that there was a countdown

206
00:12:47,568 --> 00:12:50,904
to ecological disaster,

207
00:12:50,937 --> 00:12:53,507
themes that we were
interested in.

208
00:12:53,540 --> 00:12:56,442
♪ ♪

209
00:12:56,476 --> 00:13:00,981
We'd read "Spaceship Earth"
by Buckminster Fuller.

210
00:13:01,014 --> 00:13:07,253
‐ Bucky Fuller had pioneered
the idea of a geodesic dome.

211
00:13:07,287 --> 00:13:11,057
I was handed the task
to build one.

212
00:13:11,091 --> 00:13:13,527
♪ ♪

213
00:13:13,560 --> 00:13:16,530
This is a way of learning
by doing,

214
00:13:16,563 --> 00:13:19,399
to be pushed to the limits
of your skills.

215
00:13:19,432 --> 00:13:26,507
♪ ♪

216
00:13:27,107 --> 00:13:29,510
The dome symbolized the unity

217
00:13:29,543 --> 00:13:32,212
that reflected
the values of the ranch.

218
00:13:32,245 --> 00:13:35,115
‐ The struts of a ball have
tremendous strength together,

219
00:13:35,148 --> 00:13:37,117
but individually,

220
00:13:37,150 --> 00:13:39,219
they don't have that kind
of cohesive strength.

221
00:13:39,252 --> 00:13:41,221
♪ ♪

222
00:13:41,254 --> 00:13:43,624
That's how we worked.

223
00:13:43,657 --> 00:13:47,160
The whole is greater
than the sum of its parts.

224
00:13:47,193 --> 00:13:49,329
♪ ♪

225
00:13:53,499 --> 00:13:56,436
[spacey music]

226
00:13:56,469 --> 00:14:00,173
♪ ♪

227
00:14:00,206 --> 00:14:03,009
[laughter]

228
00:14:03,043 --> 00:14:05,912
[indistinct chatter
and noises]

229
00:14:05,946 --> 00:14:12,886
♪ ♪

230
00:14:25,666 --> 00:14:30,103
‐ It was October 1969
that I arrived at the ranch.

231
00:14:30,136 --> 00:14:31,672
They happened, in fact,

232
00:14:31,705 --> 00:14:35,942
to be in the middle
of a theater rehearsal.

233
00:14:35,976 --> 00:14:39,613
The door burst through,
and 20 to 25 people

234
00:14:39,646 --> 00:14:43,650
with really high energy
entered the room.

235
00:14:43,684 --> 00:14:46,520
It was kind of like
a good omen.

236
00:14:46,553 --> 00:14:52,092
It was like I'm stepping
into something totally new.

237
00:14:52,125 --> 00:14:55,195
I was born in Brooklyn,
Flatbush,

238
00:14:55,228 --> 00:14:58,431
so I'm quite a New York kid.

239
00:14:58,464 --> 00:15:01,001
I worked as a taxi driver.

240
00:15:01,034 --> 00:15:03,504
I was a proofreader
at Time Life Books.

241
00:15:03,537 --> 00:15:05,672
I was a court reporter
for a while.

242
00:15:05,706 --> 00:15:08,108
Oh, and a social worker.

243
00:15:08,141 --> 00:15:10,176
I really was looking
for something different.

244
00:15:10,210 --> 00:15:14,280
♪ ♪

245
00:15:14,314 --> 00:15:16,482
I was such an urbanite,

246
00:15:16,517 --> 00:15:19,686
people would say,
"Pick that 2"x4" up,"

247
00:15:19,720 --> 00:15:25,191
and I would think to myself,
"Two by four.

248
00:15:25,225 --> 00:15:27,160
What could that refer to?"

249
00:15:27,193 --> 00:15:30,230
♪ ♪

250
00:15:30,263 --> 00:15:32,599
Johnny said, "Everybody here

251
00:15:32,633 --> 00:15:34,568
"needs to be in charge
of something.

252
00:15:34,601 --> 00:15:37,403
"We try to run this
as a work democracy.

253
00:15:37,437 --> 00:15:39,005
What do you want
to be in charge of?"

254
00:15:39,039 --> 00:15:40,974
and I thought,
"I haven't a clue."

255
00:15:41,007 --> 00:15:42,576
Johnny came up with the idea

256
00:15:42,609 --> 00:15:44,711
of an enterprise
of having an orchard.

257
00:15:44,745 --> 00:15:47,113
I said, "I'm on for that."

258
00:15:47,147 --> 00:15:49,550
I really fell in love
with soil, and trees,

259
00:15:49,583 --> 00:15:52,152
and really keeping
that connection

260
00:15:52,185 --> 00:15:53,620
with the whole natural world.

261
00:15:53,654 --> 00:16:00,594
♪ ♪

262
00:16:01,662 --> 00:16:03,429
The ranch was the first step

263
00:16:03,463 --> 00:16:05,198
in learning
about sustainability.

264
00:16:05,231 --> 00:16:07,634
♪ ♪

265
00:16:07,668 --> 00:16:11,171
We saw an opportunity.

266
00:16:11,204 --> 00:16:13,707
We could make sustainable,

267
00:16:13,740 --> 00:16:16,309
viable projects
around the world.

268
00:16:16,342 --> 00:16:20,280
♪ ♪

269
00:16:35,295 --> 00:16:38,198
[kettle whistling]

270
00:16:43,403 --> 00:16:45,405
‐ Here we were,
not that long

271
00:16:45,438 --> 00:16:48,542
into making the ranch
a sustainable place,

272
00:16:48,575 --> 00:16:51,211
and the gardens were going,
and it was all happening.

273
00:16:57,751 --> 00:16:59,185
Well, I think maybe
Johnny thought

274
00:16:59,219 --> 00:17:01,688
it was
all too successful now,

275
00:17:01,722 --> 00:17:05,559
and that we had to move
to the next realm.

276
00:17:05,592 --> 00:17:08,562
[upbeat music]

277
00:17:08,595 --> 00:17:14,367
♪ ♪

278
00:17:14,400 --> 00:17:17,103
‐ The magic
of the entire enterprise

279
00:17:17,137 --> 00:17:19,706
was to always increase
the challenge.

280
00:17:19,740 --> 00:17:22,676
♪ ♪

281
00:17:22,709 --> 00:17:24,310
‐ Johnny actually said,

282
00:17:24,344 --> 00:17:27,080
"I think we should build
a ship."

283
00:17:27,113 --> 00:17:28,214
‐ We wanted to go someplace

284
00:17:28,248 --> 00:17:30,584
<i>where we certainly</i>
<i>had never been before.</i>

285
00:17:30,617 --> 00:17:32,418
It was a new era
for our projects.

286
00:17:32,452 --> 00:17:34,420
It would go planetary.

287
00:17:34,454 --> 00:17:36,857
‐ We went to my family home
in Berkeley,

288
00:17:36,890 --> 00:17:40,193
where we set up
our living space

289
00:17:40,226 --> 00:17:43,263
so that we could build a ship
on the shore in Oakland.

290
00:17:43,296 --> 00:17:47,534
♪ ♪

291
00:17:47,568 --> 00:17:49,503
‐ We started out
with smaller projects.

292
00:17:49,536 --> 00:17:51,437
The answers are easier,

293
00:17:51,471 --> 00:17:55,141
and eventually, you have
to do very complex things.

294
00:17:55,175 --> 00:18:02,115
♪ ♪

295
00:18:10,423 --> 00:18:13,627
‐ We thought,
"If we can build a ship,

296
00:18:13,660 --> 00:18:17,197
an oceangoing ship,
we could do anything."

297
00:18:17,230 --> 00:18:24,170
♪ ♪

298
00:18:28,341 --> 00:18:33,246
‐ Our ship is called
the "Heraclitus."

299
00:18:33,279 --> 00:18:37,350
The construction of the ship
was pretty much a performance.

300
00:18:37,383 --> 00:18:44,324
♪ ♪

301
00:18:57,938 --> 00:18:59,573
‐ Margaret Augustine

302
00:18:59,606 --> 00:19:03,744
is the primary architect
of our projects.

303
00:19:03,777 --> 00:19:08,381
Margaret, who was 19 or 20,
kind of rose to the occasion

304
00:19:08,414 --> 00:19:10,817
when we were building
the "Heraclitus."

305
00:19:10,851 --> 00:19:12,418
Margaret says,

306
00:19:12,452 --> 00:19:15,221
"I'm going to run
the construction site."

307
00:19:15,255 --> 00:19:19,225
♪ ♪

308
00:19:19,259 --> 00:19:22,428
Freddy Dempster learned
celestial navigation.

309
00:19:22,462 --> 00:19:25,431
[pensive music]

310
00:19:25,465 --> 00:19:26,733
♪ ♪

311
00:19:26,767 --> 00:19:28,935
‐ In a relatively benign
setting

312
00:19:28,969 --> 00:19:30,737
like Synergia Ranch,

313
00:19:30,771 --> 00:19:32,305
you can make mistakes,

314
00:19:32,338 --> 00:19:36,409
and you learn
that you made a mistake,

315
00:19:36,442 --> 00:19:37,778
but in this case,

316
00:19:37,811 --> 00:19:41,982
your life depends
on these things working.

317
00:19:42,015 --> 00:19:47,387
♪ ♪

318
00:19:47,420 --> 00:19:49,322
‐ The day of the launch
was very dramatic,

319
00:19:49,355 --> 00:19:51,424
because we had this high tide.

320
00:19:51,457 --> 00:19:55,596
And people had been working
24‐hour shifts.

321
00:19:55,629 --> 00:20:02,569
♪ ♪

322
00:20:05,338 --> 00:20:11,344
We had booked a tow boat
to pull us into the water.

323
00:20:11,377 --> 00:20:13,814
We built it, and in theory,
it would float,

324
00:20:13,847 --> 00:20:16,550
but we didn't know
what was gonna happen.

325
00:20:16,583 --> 00:20:19,419
♪ ♪

326
00:20:19,452 --> 00:20:21,688
‐ And then there's a jolt.

327
00:20:21,722 --> 00:20:25,491
It was just slipping
out there.

328
00:20:25,526 --> 00:20:27,828
And we were moving.

329
00:20:27,861 --> 00:20:34,801
♪ ♪

330
00:20:47,548 --> 00:20:50,684
Suddenly, the bow went up.
[exhales]

331
00:20:50,717 --> 00:20:52,753
Like that.
Yeah.

332
00:20:52,786 --> 00:20:59,726
♪ ♪

333
00:21:44,404 --> 00:21:47,974
‐ We sailed out
from San Francisco Bay,

334
00:21:48,008 --> 00:21:50,677
sailed out
under the Golden Gate Bridge,

335
00:21:50,711 --> 00:21:52,546
and when we got out
in the ocean,

336
00:21:52,579 --> 00:21:56,517
the waves were huge,
literally 25 to 30 feet high.

337
00:21:56,550 --> 00:22:03,456
♪ ♪

338
00:22:06,593 --> 00:22:09,663
‐ Nothing was tied down
the way it should've been.

339
00:22:09,696 --> 00:22:13,800
The radar broke
and fell in the ocean.

340
00:22:13,834 --> 00:22:18,371
‐ We certainly were learning
quickly, yes.

341
00:22:18,404 --> 00:22:21,074
‐ And for some reason,
I wasn't afraid.

342
00:22:21,107 --> 00:22:24,077
And I don't think
anybody was afraid.

343
00:22:24,110 --> 00:22:28,549
♪ ♪

344
00:22:28,582 --> 00:22:30,651
It was one
of those transitional,

345
00:22:30,684 --> 00:22:37,023
transformative moments, indeed.
Well, now we were free.

346
00:22:37,057 --> 00:22:40,026
[gentle music]

347
00:22:40,060 --> 00:22:46,867
♪ ♪

348
00:22:46,900 --> 00:22:50,737
‐ There's
a strong nomadic nature

349
00:22:50,771 --> 00:22:53,574
to our projects.

350
00:22:53,607 --> 00:22:55,108
‐ Well, we toured
around the world.

351
00:22:55,141 --> 00:23:02,082
♪ ♪

352
00:23:51,197 --> 00:23:52,533
‐ You know,
I'm a broke Oklahoma boy.

353
00:23:52,566 --> 00:23:54,034
How am I gonna support
all this stuff?

354
00:23:54,067 --> 00:23:55,669
[laughs]

355
00:23:55,702 --> 00:23:58,672
‐ How did you support it?
‐ Just enterprising.

356
00:23:58,705 --> 00:24:01,542
♪ ♪

357
00:24:01,575 --> 00:24:05,512
‐ We weren't a commune.
We were a corporation.

358
00:24:05,546 --> 00:24:07,013
♪ ♪

359
00:24:07,047 --> 00:24:09,115
We started businesses
around the world

360
00:24:09,149 --> 00:24:11,251
in order to make money.

361
00:24:11,284 --> 00:24:14,154
We had to survive.
We had to pay for everything.

362
00:24:14,187 --> 00:24:17,490
‐ We were quite capitalistic.

363
00:24:17,524 --> 00:24:19,092
‐ You know, we were never,

364
00:24:19,125 --> 00:24:22,663
in any of our projects,
into profit maximization,

365
00:24:22,696 --> 00:24:26,733
but without sustainable,
viable economics,

366
00:24:26,767 --> 00:24:28,602
these projects can't last.

367
00:24:28,635 --> 00:24:32,673
♪ ♪

368
00:24:32,706 --> 00:24:35,175
It's unusual to find
business partners

369
00:24:35,208 --> 00:24:39,279
who were willing
to think long‐term.

370
00:24:39,312 --> 00:24:42,583
‐ Ed Bass was an integral part
of our businesses

371
00:24:42,616 --> 00:24:43,717
around the planet.

372
00:24:43,750 --> 00:24:45,719
♪ ♪

373
00:24:45,752 --> 00:24:49,656
‐ He really liked this sense
of exploration,

374
00:24:49,690 --> 00:24:51,191
sense of adventure.

375
00:24:55,962 --> 00:24:58,231
Ed Bass is a billionaire

376
00:24:58,264 --> 00:25:02,569
from a prominent family
in Fort Worth, Texas.

377
00:25:02,603 --> 00:25:05,839
The Basses‐‐
their money was in oil.

378
00:25:05,872 --> 00:25:12,178
♪ ♪

379
00:25:12,212 --> 00:25:15,916
We formed a joint venture
with Ed.

380
00:25:15,949 --> 00:25:18,885
‐ And we had a particular kind
of a deal with him.

381
00:25:18,919 --> 00:25:20,253
He would put forward

382
00:25:20,286 --> 00:25:21,888
the capital to buy
certain properties,

383
00:25:21,922 --> 00:25:23,824
and then we would go there

384
00:25:23,857 --> 00:25:26,259
and work
to enhance their value,

385
00:25:26,292 --> 00:25:29,896
and make something‐‐
something amazing.

386
00:25:29,930 --> 00:25:32,733
So we built a hotel
in Kathmandu.

387
00:25:32,766 --> 00:25:39,673
♪ ♪

388
00:25:44,177 --> 00:25:46,880
We opened an art gallery
in London.

389
00:25:46,913 --> 00:25:50,083
♪ ♪

390
00:25:50,116 --> 00:25:53,219
‐ I spent ten years of my life
taking care of our land

391
00:25:53,253 --> 00:25:55,155
in the Australian outback.

392
00:25:55,188 --> 00:25:59,893
♪ ♪

393
00:25:59,926 --> 00:26:02,095
‐ We started touring theater.

394
00:26:02,128 --> 00:26:06,667
♪ ♪

395
00:26:06,700 --> 00:26:08,602
‐ We played
on every continent,

396
00:26:08,635 --> 00:26:10,904
including Antarctica.

397
00:26:10,937 --> 00:26:16,109
♪ ♪

398
00:26:16,142 --> 00:26:18,612
‐ The idea to start projects
in different biomes

399
00:26:18,645 --> 00:26:20,246
was to understand

400
00:26:20,280 --> 00:26:22,816
the whole planet
experientially.

401
00:26:25,218 --> 00:26:30,223
♪ ♪

402
00:26:30,256 --> 00:26:33,794
‐ Small groups are
the engines of change.

403
00:26:33,827 --> 00:26:36,362
♪ ♪

404
00:26:36,396 --> 00:26:40,400
Johnny provided the ideas
that coalesced our whole group

405
00:26:40,433 --> 00:26:42,803
into doing collective action.

406
00:26:42,836 --> 00:26:45,238
♪ ♪

407
00:26:45,271 --> 00:26:47,708
Under his leadership,

408
00:26:47,741 --> 00:26:51,678
we could achieve things
in common action

409
00:26:51,712 --> 00:26:54,280
that we could not otherwise
achieve.

410
00:26:54,314 --> 00:26:57,884
♪ ♪

411
00:26:57,918 --> 00:27:00,821
‐ I lost my dad when I was 16.

412
00:27:00,854 --> 00:27:03,423
[string music]

413
00:27:03,456 --> 00:27:06,860
I often institute
father figures...

414
00:27:06,893 --> 00:27:10,063
♪ ♪

415
00:27:10,096 --> 00:27:11,765
And I think I had a projection
on John.

416
00:27:11,798 --> 00:27:13,033
I may still have it.
[laughs]

417
00:27:13,066 --> 00:27:15,936
I won't say I'm over it.

418
00:27:15,969 --> 00:27:18,805
He was very charismatic,
very dynamic,

419
00:27:18,839 --> 00:27:22,809
exploding with energy.

420
00:27:22,843 --> 00:27:25,679
He was a fallible human being.

421
00:27:25,712 --> 00:27:30,684
John can be tempestuous,
big time,

422
00:27:30,717 --> 00:27:33,319
but John
is definitely a genius.

423
00:27:33,353 --> 00:27:35,188
♪ ♪

424
00:27:49,202 --> 00:27:50,971
‐ To explore the history

425
00:27:51,004 --> 00:27:52,272
of the planet Earth
and its future,

426
00:27:52,305 --> 00:27:54,474
<i>and to examine man's relation</i>
<i>to the planet Earth</i>

427
00:27:54,508 --> 00:27:57,210
and his future,
the Institute of Eco‐Technics

428
00:27:57,243 --> 00:27:58,812
invited
outstanding scientists,

429
00:27:58,845 --> 00:28:00,413
artists of the avant‐garde,

430
00:28:00,446 --> 00:28:03,016
explorers, and managers
of our present time

431
00:28:03,049 --> 00:28:04,718
to a four‐day conference
at their facility

432
00:28:04,751 --> 00:28:06,386
in the south of France.

433
00:28:06,419 --> 00:28:08,354
This film is the record
of those shared investigations

434
00:28:08,388 --> 00:28:09,990
and experiences,

435
00:28:10,023 --> 00:28:12,092
fears and hopes,
ignorance and knowledge

436
00:28:12,125 --> 00:28:14,194
of the mystery and patterns
of planet Earth.

437
00:28:14,227 --> 00:28:17,163
[dramatic string music]

438
00:28:17,197 --> 00:28:18,398
♪ ♪

439
00:28:18,431 --> 00:28:20,466
‐ We were doing conferences,

440
00:28:20,500 --> 00:28:23,436
and we held them in
different parts of the world.

441
00:28:23,469 --> 00:28:26,840
They started
with specific biomes,

442
00:28:26,873 --> 00:28:30,343
a conference on deserts,
on oceans, on jungles.

443
00:28:30,376 --> 00:28:32,345
♪ ♪

444
00:28:32,378 --> 00:28:34,280
Pretty soon,
we ran out of biomes,

445
00:28:34,314 --> 00:28:38,151
so we did the planet Earth.

446
00:28:38,184 --> 00:28:40,921
‐ Dr. Alexander King sounds
a note of warning.

447
00:28:40,954 --> 00:28:43,056
We are living in
an unusually warm period,

448
00:28:43,089 --> 00:28:44,525
but small overall
temperature changes

449
00:28:44,558 --> 00:28:47,360
lead to ice age glaciation.

450
00:28:47,393 --> 00:28:48,862
Population increase
concentrated

451
00:28:48,895 --> 00:28:50,463
in enormous cities,

452
00:28:50,496 --> 00:28:52,098
destruction
of natural environment,

453
00:28:52,132 --> 00:28:53,299
and increasing disparity

454
00:28:53,333 --> 00:28:54,500
between rich
and poor countries

455
00:28:54,535 --> 00:28:57,337
is leading to a catastrophe,

456
00:28:57,370 --> 00:29:00,440
yet most of the destruction
is caused by human ignorance.

457
00:29:00,473 --> 00:29:04,277
‐ Changes were happening
on an enormous scale.

458
00:29:04,310 --> 00:29:06,412
We were actually in danger

459
00:29:06,446 --> 00:29:10,416
of destroying the planet
as we know it.

460
00:29:10,450 --> 00:29:14,521
‐ And we realized that we had
to do something.

461
00:29:14,555 --> 00:29:16,890
‐ Thank you very much.

462
00:29:16,923 --> 00:29:20,493
Any idea that can be conceived
in our time

463
00:29:20,527 --> 00:29:23,997
can be executed in our time.

464
00:29:24,030 --> 00:29:27,033
It's a hell of a mantra.

465
00:29:27,067 --> 00:29:29,536
‐ Phil Hawes,
our resident architect,

466
00:29:29,570 --> 00:29:32,539
came up
with an adobe spaceship.

467
00:29:32,573 --> 00:29:36,309
The idea of making
an enclosed mini‐world

468
00:29:36,342 --> 00:29:40,046
rose from that moment.

469
00:29:40,080 --> 00:29:42,549
‐ And in this biospheric bank
are thousands of species

470
00:29:42,583 --> 00:29:46,820
of life and eight people.

471
00:29:46,853 --> 00:29:48,589
They better be adventurers,
they better be artists,

472
00:29:48,622 --> 00:29:51,491
and they better be scientists.

473
00:29:51,525 --> 00:29:53,960
‐ We loved this idea

474
00:29:53,994 --> 00:29:56,963
that when you start
to think of colonies in space,

475
00:29:56,997 --> 00:30:02,536
suddenly you are thinking
of sustainable living on Earth.

476
00:30:02,569 --> 00:30:07,974
♪ ♪

477
00:30:08,008 --> 00:30:10,043
‐ I think the whole project‐‐
I mean, I really liked

478
00:30:10,076 --> 00:30:12,345
that it was science fiction
without the fiction.

479
00:30:12,378 --> 00:30:16,249
♪ ♪

480
00:30:16,282 --> 00:30:20,453
This idea
is like "Silent Running."

481
00:30:20,486 --> 00:30:24,057
That was an incredible film.

482
00:30:24,090 --> 00:30:26,492
To see this floating world,

483
00:30:26,527 --> 00:30:30,363
and, you know, the guy taking
care of the wilderness area,

484
00:30:30,396 --> 00:30:32,398
and the little rabbits
hopping.

485
00:30:32,432 --> 00:30:35,401
‐ How are you today? Huh?
Feeling good?

486
00:30:35,435 --> 00:30:38,404
‐ Here is this capsule of life
from Earth

487
00:30:38,438 --> 00:30:40,641
that's being nurtured
and kept alive

488
00:30:40,674 --> 00:30:43,276
and the guy who's in love
with the system,

489
00:30:43,309 --> 00:30:46,046
which I totally identified.

490
00:30:46,079 --> 00:30:48,248
You know, and of course,
the very poignant thing,

491
00:30:48,281 --> 00:30:53,086
that this is the last refuge
of Earth life.

492
00:30:53,119 --> 00:30:54,521
‐ What about the forests?

493
00:30:54,555 --> 00:30:57,123
You don't think anyone should
care about these forests?

494
00:30:57,157 --> 00:30:59,325
What's gonna happen
if these forests

495
00:30:59,359 --> 00:31:01,628
and all this incredible beauty
is lost for all time?

496
00:31:01,662 --> 00:31:04,598
[pensive music]

497
00:31:04,631 --> 00:31:07,067
♪ ♪

498
00:31:07,100 --> 00:31:13,273
‐ Nobody was building
a long‐term life system

499
00:31:13,306 --> 00:31:16,877
to go into space.
No one was doing that.

500
00:31:19,345 --> 00:31:22,282
We thought, "Here's a niche.
Let's go for it."

501
00:31:22,315 --> 00:31:29,489
♪ ♪

502
00:31:29,990 --> 00:31:36,129
When you even visualize
a colony,

503
00:31:36,162 --> 00:31:40,133
off the planet,

504
00:31:40,166 --> 00:31:43,504
suddenly you're rethinking
what's possible.

505
00:31:43,537 --> 00:31:50,443
♪ ♪

506
00:32:14,100 --> 00:32:15,401
‐ Some of us are born

507
00:32:15,435 --> 00:32:17,571
with far better
naturalist sensitivities

508
00:32:17,604 --> 00:32:22,408
than
interpersonal sensitivities.

509
00:32:22,442 --> 00:32:24,177
So, yeah,

510
00:32:24,210 --> 00:32:25,478
I usually get along
with plants

511
00:32:25,512 --> 00:32:27,313
more than I do most people.

512
00:32:27,347 --> 00:32:31,284
♪ ♪

513
00:32:31,317 --> 00:32:33,520
John said, "We're going
into the space race."

514
00:32:34,087 --> 00:32:35,656
I said, "What?"
He said,

515
00:32:35,689 --> 00:32:38,559
"Yeah, we're gonna build
this thing called the Biosphere

516
00:32:38,592 --> 00:32:42,095
"that's a prelude
to extraterrestrial biospheres,

517
00:32:42,128 --> 00:32:46,366
and so, we want you
to design the desert."

518
00:32:46,399 --> 00:32:48,602
♪ ♪

519
00:32:48,635 --> 00:32:50,336
I was working

520
00:32:50,370 --> 00:32:52,472
at the University of Arizona
Desert Laboratory,

521
00:32:52,506 --> 00:32:56,743
and well, you know, compared
to the normal academic career,

522
00:32:56,777 --> 00:32:59,479
compare that
to launch humanity

523
00:32:59,513 --> 00:33:02,749
into an extraterrestrial
evolutionary trajectory?

524
00:33:04,785 --> 00:33:06,486
It was visionary.

525
00:33:06,520 --> 00:33:09,455
[optimistic music]

526
00:33:09,489 --> 00:33:16,429
♪ ♪

527
00:33:18,364 --> 00:33:19,800
‐ If we're gonna go to Mars
and the Moon,

528
00:33:19,833 --> 00:33:22,202
we'd better know
how to make a biosphere.

529
00:33:22,235 --> 00:33:28,408
♪ ♪

530
00:33:28,441 --> 00:33:32,078
‐ A nice, simple definition
that I like of a biosphere

531
00:33:32,112 --> 00:33:37,250
is a virtually closed system
with plants and animals

532
00:33:37,283 --> 00:33:41,387
and atmospheres all inside.

533
00:33:41,421 --> 00:33:42,623
If we're gonna build

534
00:33:42,656 --> 00:33:45,726
the first human‐designed
biospheric system,

535
00:33:45,759 --> 00:33:47,160
we're gonna make it beautiful.

536
00:33:47,193 --> 00:33:50,363
♪ ♪

537
00:33:50,396 --> 00:33:53,700
We're gonna put in
a mini‐rain forest,

538
00:33:53,734 --> 00:33:59,172
a desert, a savanna, an ocean
with a living coral reef.

539
00:33:59,205 --> 00:34:01,742
It would be populated by
hundreds

540
00:34:01,775 --> 00:34:05,178
of carefully‐selected plants
and animal species,

541
00:34:05,211 --> 00:34:08,114
including eight people.

542
00:34:08,148 --> 00:34:12,786
♪ ♪

543
00:34:12,819 --> 00:34:15,488
We called the project
Biosphere 2,

544
00:34:15,522 --> 00:34:17,457
because we wanted people
to say,

545
00:34:17,490 --> 00:34:19,626
"Well, where is Biosphere 1?"

546
00:34:19,660 --> 00:34:21,427
Biosphere 1 is the Earth.

547
00:34:21,461 --> 00:34:24,565
[serene music]

548
00:34:25,198 --> 00:34:26,800
No one really knew
what we'd need

549
00:34:26,833 --> 00:34:29,603
if we're ever gonna go into
space on a permanent basis.

550
00:34:29,636 --> 00:34:31,838
♪ ♪

551
00:34:31,872 --> 00:34:34,875
‐ We don't see how big
the process is.

552
00:34:34,908 --> 00:34:39,112
‐ John Allen had suggested,
"Well, the whole point of this

553
00:34:39,145 --> 00:34:42,749
"is not to do rigorous science
from the get‐go.

554
00:34:42,783 --> 00:34:47,821
"The point of this is to learn
how to make a biosphere

555
00:34:47,854 --> 00:34:50,824
"that can support
human occupants

556
00:34:50,857 --> 00:34:53,760
"in an
extraterrestrial setting.

557
00:34:53,794 --> 00:34:55,629
"It won't work the first time.

558
00:34:55,662 --> 00:34:58,732
"It probably won't work
for the first several times,

559
00:34:58,765 --> 00:35:02,803
but each time, we're likely
to learn more, faster."

560
00:35:04,304 --> 00:35:07,808
‐ There were huge numbers
of scientific consultants.

561
00:35:07,841 --> 00:35:09,409
The University of Arizona,

562
00:35:09,442 --> 00:35:11,912
the Smithsonian
Marine Systems Lab,

563
00:35:11,945 --> 00:35:14,748
and the New York
Botanic Garden.

564
00:35:14,781 --> 00:35:17,383
‐ And are we gonna put
any engineering devices...

565
00:35:17,417 --> 00:35:19,753
‐ Biosphere 2
was gonna build

566
00:35:19,786 --> 00:35:22,656
on the work
of all of our projects.

567
00:35:22,689 --> 00:35:26,359
‐ Agriculture, design,

568
00:35:26,392 --> 00:35:29,696
engineering, technology,
and ecology.

569
00:35:31,798 --> 00:35:33,800
All the things
that we had done together.

570
00:35:33,834 --> 00:35:36,770
♪ ♪

571
00:35:36,803 --> 00:35:39,906
‐ It was a massive
construction project.

572
00:35:39,940 --> 00:35:42,576
♪ ♪

573
00:35:42,609 --> 00:35:44,545
‐ And these were the people
that could do it.

574
00:35:44,578 --> 00:35:47,548
[upbeat music]

575
00:35:47,581 --> 00:35:50,216
♪ ♪

576
00:35:50,250 --> 00:35:52,886
‐ When we were building
the "Heraclitus,"

577
00:35:52,919 --> 00:35:57,490
Margaret Augustine
ran the construction site.

578
00:35:57,524 --> 00:36:00,794
Now, she was the CEO,
and co‐architect

579
00:36:00,827 --> 00:36:04,831
of Biosphere 2.

580
00:36:04,865 --> 00:36:06,900
When you're doing something

581
00:36:06,933 --> 00:36:11,938
that no one has ever done
before, you learn by doing.

582
00:36:11,972 --> 00:36:15,676
‐ Without a project
of this undertaking,

583
00:36:15,709 --> 00:36:18,612
you wouldn't really be able
to feasibly start a colony,

584
00:36:18,645 --> 00:36:20,647
say, on the Moon or Mars.

585
00:36:20,681 --> 00:36:22,683
♪ ♪

586
00:36:22,716 --> 00:36:27,654
‐ Marie Harding was
the chief financial officer.

587
00:36:27,688 --> 00:36:30,290
‐ We had budgets.

588
00:36:30,323 --> 00:36:32,859
The final cost
was $200 million.

589
00:36:32,893 --> 00:36:36,763
That's‐‐for that,
that is like peanuts.

590
00:36:38,431 --> 00:36:42,503
It was quite corporate.
I even wore nail polish.

591
00:36:42,536 --> 00:36:44,237
[laughs]

592
00:36:44,270 --> 00:36:47,808
‐ And also, of course,
there was Ed Bass.

593
00:36:47,841 --> 00:36:49,910
♪ ♪

594
00:36:49,943 --> 00:36:51,945
‐ Edward Bass,
the second‐oldest

595
00:36:51,978 --> 00:36:54,247
of the four Bass brothers,
by some estimates,

596
00:36:54,280 --> 00:36:57,584
the fourth wealthiest family
in the United States.

597
00:36:57,618 --> 00:37:00,486
John Allen's ideas
and Edward Bass's money

598
00:37:00,521 --> 00:37:02,889
have spawned a number
of worldwide ventures.

599
00:37:02,923 --> 00:37:06,527
♪ ♪

600
00:37:06,560 --> 00:37:10,664
‐ Creating Biosphere 2
as a business

601
00:37:10,697 --> 00:37:12,966
made sense for several reasons.

602
00:37:12,999 --> 00:37:16,837
For one, we thought
it could be very profitable.

603
00:37:16,870 --> 00:37:20,373
‐ Ed would invest
a huge amount of money,

604
00:37:20,406 --> 00:37:23,276
figuring there would be
no payback in the short term,

605
00:37:23,309 --> 00:37:25,345
but when we go to space,

606
00:37:25,378 --> 00:37:27,748
Biosphere 2 would yield

607
00:37:27,781 --> 00:37:29,950
enormous
technological spinoffs

608
00:37:29,983 --> 00:37:34,020
that then he could license
and people would pay him for.

609
00:37:34,054 --> 00:37:37,758
‐ Ed was also
passionate about ecology.

610
00:37:37,791 --> 00:37:39,693
‐ All you've got to do
is watch his face light up

611
00:37:39,726 --> 00:37:42,863
when he talks about it.

612
00:37:42,896 --> 00:37:44,798
‐ From the ecological point
of view,

613
00:37:44,831 --> 00:37:47,333
man is very much
a part of the problem.

614
00:37:47,367 --> 00:37:48,935
I was able
to put these together

615
00:37:48,969 --> 00:37:51,037
in my own personal interest

616
00:37:51,071 --> 00:37:55,408
and really become involved
in ecological matters.

617
00:37:55,441 --> 00:37:58,044
‐ We'd been thinking
about the human relationship

618
00:37:58,078 --> 00:38:01,682
with the environment
for decades.

619
00:38:01,715 --> 00:38:04,317
Biosphere 2 is totally

620
00:38:04,350 --> 00:38:06,086
an awesome new kind
of approach

621
00:38:06,119 --> 00:38:07,821
to studying

622
00:38:07,854 --> 00:38:10,591
and coming up with solutions
to Earth problems.

623
00:38:15,028 --> 00:38:17,363
[orchestral music]

624
00:38:17,397 --> 00:38:24,571
♪ ♪

625
00:38:25,371 --> 00:38:28,675
‐ We have, in the last year,
put out a paper

626
00:38:28,709 --> 00:38:31,778
that said we had a program
for Biospherian candidates.

627
00:38:31,812 --> 00:38:34,848
‐ We had
maybe 15 or so people,

628
00:38:34,881 --> 00:38:37,350
Biospherians in training,

629
00:38:37,383 --> 00:38:41,622
and the selection was
gonna be made from that group.

630
00:38:41,655 --> 00:38:44,525
‐ There wasn't
a type of person.

631
00:38:44,558 --> 00:38:46,660
It wasn't eight clones
that showed up.

632
00:38:46,693 --> 00:38:50,030
This is the kind of human being
who would do this.

633
00:38:50,063 --> 00:38:52,799
It was‐‐
that wasn't predictable.

634
00:38:52,833 --> 00:38:55,368
‐ I'm Jane Pointer.
I'm a Biospherian candidate.

635
00:38:55,401 --> 00:38:57,838
‐ Well, my nickname's Laser.

636
00:38:57,871 --> 00:38:59,773
I like to be in the middle
of the action.

637
00:38:59,806 --> 00:39:01,542
I like to get things done.

638
00:39:01,575 --> 00:39:04,511
‐ Well, I know
that the eight people who go in

639
00:39:04,545 --> 00:39:06,813
will come out different people,

640
00:39:06,847 --> 00:39:09,916
and come out as a group
of people

641
00:39:09,950 --> 00:39:13,687
probably incomparable
to any other group in history.

642
00:39:13,720 --> 00:39:15,722
‐ Many people say
"Well," you know, "Why?

643
00:39:15,756 --> 00:39:17,490
Why are you getting locked up
in the Biosphere?"

644
00:39:17,524 --> 00:39:19,392
I don't call it‐‐

645
00:39:19,425 --> 00:39:22,495
I don't think of it as being
locked up in the Biosphere.

646
00:39:22,529 --> 00:39:24,831
In fact, I think of it
as locking everybody else out.

647
00:39:24,865 --> 00:39:27,433
[laughs]

648
00:39:27,467 --> 00:39:29,703
‐ We looked
for who are the free thinkers,

649
00:39:29,736 --> 00:39:31,838
so I automatically eliminated

650
00:39:31,872 --> 00:39:34,007
all the people
that follow people.

651
00:39:34,040 --> 00:39:36,977
[general hubbub]

652
00:39:41,615 --> 00:39:43,149
‐ Two!

653
00:39:48,755 --> 00:39:51,024
‐ Okay, go down and switch
to the next partner.

654
00:39:51,057 --> 00:39:52,759
Do the‐‐appear
and disappear emotionally,

655
00:39:52,793 --> 00:39:54,661
the way you were doing
physically before.

656
00:39:55,962 --> 00:40:01,067
‐ John Allen was a brilliant,
charismatic leader,

657
00:40:01,101 --> 00:40:04,505
because he simply met
the emotional needs.

658
00:40:04,538 --> 00:40:06,206
He was a mind musician.

659
00:40:06,239 --> 00:40:08,208
He really knew
what people needed,

660
00:40:08,241 --> 00:40:10,911
and tried to motivate them
by supplying it,

661
00:40:10,944 --> 00:40:13,547
or withholding it sometimes.

662
00:40:14,548 --> 00:40:18,151
I thought part
of John Allen's genius

663
00:40:18,184 --> 00:40:21,955
was helping people to realize
it's all theater.

664
00:40:21,988 --> 00:40:24,925
[energetic music]

665
00:40:24,958 --> 00:40:30,496
♪ ♪

666
00:40:30,531 --> 00:40:34,234
‐ I don't know that I ever had
the feeling

667
00:40:34,267 --> 00:40:36,870
that we couldn't pull it off.

668
00:40:36,903 --> 00:40:39,005
I knew we could pull it off.

669
00:40:39,039 --> 00:40:44,077
Maybe that was naive,
but maybe not.

670
00:40:44,110 --> 00:40:47,180
‐ To prove this, we thought
it was necessary

671
00:40:47,213 --> 00:40:50,016
to build a model.

672
00:40:50,050 --> 00:40:52,252
‐ We built the test module.

673
00:40:52,285 --> 00:40:56,056
Let's have all the Biospherian
candidates go in there.

674
00:40:56,089 --> 00:40:59,693
‐ What's going on today
is testing of the systems

675
00:40:59,726 --> 00:41:01,695
that we expect to use
in Biosphere 2.

676
00:41:01,728 --> 00:41:04,130
This will be the longest
closure with a person

677
00:41:04,164 --> 00:41:08,068
in a totally enclosed
environment where all the food,

678
00:41:08,101 --> 00:41:12,072
the water, the air, the waste
is recycled within that system.

679
00:41:12,105 --> 00:41:14,975
‐ This is my daily exercise,
as well as harvesting.

680
00:41:15,008 --> 00:41:17,077
‐ Botanist Linda Leigh
was sealed

681
00:41:17,110 --> 00:41:20,146
inside a test module
for a three‐week stay.

682
00:41:20,180 --> 00:41:25,819
‐ You open the door, you close
the airlock behind you,

683
00:41:25,852 --> 00:41:30,957
and suddenly, you understand
that you are in relationship,

684
00:41:30,991 --> 00:41:33,627
I mean, intimate
metabolic relationship,

685
00:41:33,660 --> 00:41:35,228
with everything inside there.

686
00:41:36,830 --> 00:41:39,866
‐ Everybody is anxiously
awaiting for the moment

687
00:41:39,900 --> 00:41:41,568
when you will step
through that door.

688
00:41:41,602 --> 00:41:48,542
♪ ♪

689
00:41:58,585 --> 00:42:01,287
[cheers and applause]

690
00:42:09,029 --> 00:42:15,936
♪ ♪

691
00:43:57,738 --> 00:43:59,973
‐ Preparations
for interplanetary travel

692
00:44:00,006 --> 00:44:01,407
have begun near Tucson.

693
00:44:01,441 --> 00:44:03,109
‐ As Tina Naughton tells us,

694
00:44:03,143 --> 00:44:08,014
spaceships aren't involved yet,
only determination.

695
00:44:08,048 --> 00:44:09,916
‐ These chosen eight
are about to step

696
00:44:09,950 --> 00:44:12,719
into an airtight city
called the Biosphere 2.

697
00:44:12,753 --> 00:44:15,155
The crew, chosen
from scientific experts,

698
00:44:15,188 --> 00:44:18,191
will live inside the enclosed
world for two years.

699
00:44:18,224 --> 00:44:21,427
Only video and the telephone
will link them to the outside.

700
00:44:22,028 --> 00:44:24,430
‐ They are the darlings
of the new age,

701
00:44:24,464 --> 00:44:26,366
protectors of the planet,

702
00:44:26,399 --> 00:44:29,469
pioneers blazing a trail
for outer space.

703
00:44:29,502 --> 00:44:31,371
They are Biospherians.

704
00:44:31,404 --> 00:44:33,073
‐ No one's
ever done this before.

705
00:44:33,106 --> 00:44:35,208
No one's ever built,

706
00:44:35,241 --> 00:44:38,411
or lived in, or managed
a total closed system.

707
00:44:38,444 --> 00:44:43,083
‐ It's
an ethnically diverse group,

708
00:44:43,116 --> 00:44:45,351
each chosen
for their science expertise.

709
00:44:45,385 --> 00:44:48,154
[spacey music]

710
00:44:48,188 --> 00:44:50,090
‐ It's a true
research project,

711
00:44:50,123 --> 00:44:51,892
with the eight humans

712
00:44:51,925 --> 00:44:53,493
as much a subject
of the research

713
00:44:53,527 --> 00:44:55,896
as researchers themselves.

714
00:44:57,130 --> 00:44:59,432
‐ I got a phone call.
Margaret‐‐she said,

715
00:44:59,465 --> 00:45:02,168
"What do you think about
the idea of joining the crew?"

716
00:45:03,436 --> 00:45:07,107
And I don't think
there was any pause

717
00:45:07,140 --> 00:45:09,743
between the end of her sentence
and me saying yes.

718
00:45:11,144 --> 00:45:13,747
‐ Am I gonna go stir‐crazy
over two years?

719
00:45:13,780 --> 00:45:15,916
Have I really brought in
enough sneakers,

720
00:45:15,949 --> 00:45:18,184
and toothbrushes, and books,
and videos,

721
00:45:18,218 --> 00:45:24,257
and tape cassettes to keep
my intellectual mind happy?

722
00:45:24,290 --> 00:45:28,394
I suppose emotionally, that's
gonna be the challenge.

723
00:45:28,428 --> 00:45:30,396
‐ I feel grateful to be given
the opportunity

724
00:45:30,430 --> 00:45:32,132
to carry on the work

725
00:45:32,165 --> 00:45:34,134
that we've been doing
over the last five years,

726
00:45:34,167 --> 00:45:35,836
to be part of an experiment

727
00:45:35,869 --> 00:45:38,438
that is both
scientifically challenging

728
00:45:38,471 --> 00:45:41,141
and physically
remarkably beautiful.

729
00:45:41,174 --> 00:45:45,779
‐ I was invited to come up
to the biosphere,

730
00:45:45,812 --> 00:45:47,347
and I thought, "Well,

731
00:45:47,380 --> 00:45:50,116
"this is a great,
bright group of people.

732
00:45:50,150 --> 00:45:52,052
"They're really into
what they're doing.

733
00:45:52,085 --> 00:45:53,887
"They're exciting.
They're excited.

734
00:45:53,920 --> 00:45:55,522
"They're doing cool things.

735
00:45:55,556 --> 00:45:57,524
They're wacky,
and I fit right in."

736
00:45:57,558 --> 00:46:00,026
♪ ♪

737
00:46:00,060 --> 00:46:01,828
I was always the girl
in the classroom

738
00:46:01,862 --> 00:46:04,230
who took care of the fish.
I did projects

739
00:46:04,264 --> 00:46:07,968
for all the science fairs
when I was little.

740
00:46:08,001 --> 00:46:10,937
Mostly, people,
I felt at that time,

741
00:46:10,971 --> 00:46:12,506
people didn't like me
very much.

742
00:46:14,841 --> 00:46:17,210
I was living in Tucson
in the mid‐'80s,

743
00:46:17,243 --> 00:46:21,414
and I was kind of in my "save
the world" type of headspace,

744
00:46:21,447 --> 00:46:23,249
and a friend said,

745
00:46:23,283 --> 00:46:25,351
"Linda, you can't do it
all by yourself."

746
00:46:25,986 --> 00:46:28,321
And that was‐‐
it was really a moment,

747
00:46:28,354 --> 00:46:30,190
one of those aha moments.

748
00:46:31,958 --> 00:46:34,895
When I joined the group,
it was a magnetic center.

749
00:46:34,928 --> 00:46:36,462
You know,
it just kind of pulled me in.

750
00:46:45,071 --> 00:46:47,073
We all got sent out
to different places

751
00:46:47,107 --> 00:46:53,013
around the world to collect
the plants and species.

752
00:46:53,046 --> 00:46:56,016
[ethereal music]

753
00:46:56,049 --> 00:47:00,854
♪ ♪

754
00:47:00,887 --> 00:47:03,924
To build an ecosystem
from all of the pieces

755
00:47:03,957 --> 00:47:06,593
is just a big, huge puzzle.

756
00:47:06,627 --> 00:47:13,299
♪ ♪

757
00:47:13,333 --> 00:47:15,902
‐ It was Biblical.

758
00:47:15,936 --> 00:47:18,038
It was filling Noah's Ark,
essentially.

759
00:47:18,071 --> 00:47:24,244
♪ ♪

760
00:47:24,277 --> 00:47:26,647
‐ Deciding what to include
has not been easy.

761
00:47:26,680 --> 00:47:28,348
For example...

762
00:47:28,381 --> 00:47:30,016
‐ When we made the decision
to put in something

763
00:47:30,050 --> 00:47:32,318
like a hummingbird,

764
00:47:32,352 --> 00:47:34,921
you know how many flowers
a day a hummingbird needs?

765
00:47:34,955 --> 00:47:37,991
The best we could find
was 1,400 fuchsia flowers.

766
00:47:38,024 --> 00:47:40,126
♪ ♪

767
00:47:40,160 --> 00:47:45,365
‐ An important part of this
was making a beautiful world,

768
00:47:45,398 --> 00:47:47,634
making a Garden of Eden.

769
00:47:47,668 --> 00:47:54,608
♪ ♪

770
00:47:56,409 --> 00:47:59,245
I loved being totally absorbed
in this.

771
00:47:59,279 --> 00:48:02,248
♪ ♪

772
00:48:02,282 --> 00:48:04,350
I didn't need anything more.

773
00:48:04,384 --> 00:48:11,291
♪ ♪

774
00:48:19,365 --> 00:48:22,135
‐ Ready? And action.

775
00:48:22,168 --> 00:48:25,506
‐ Hello there.
I'm Rue McClanahan,

776
00:48:25,539 --> 00:48:29,676
and I'm here in Oracle,
Arizona, at Biosphere 2,

777
00:48:29,710 --> 00:48:32,412
where one of the most
adventurous and important‐‐

778
00:48:32,445 --> 00:48:35,215
boy, this is rough terrain.
[laughs]

779
00:48:35,248 --> 00:48:36,650
‐ That was nice,
very nice, Rue.

780
00:48:36,683 --> 00:48:39,085
‐ It feels‐‐

781
00:48:39,119 --> 00:48:41,655
‐ And, action.
‐ Hello.

782
00:48:41,688 --> 00:48:43,423
I'm Rue McClanahan,

783
00:48:43,456 --> 00:48:45,191
and I'm here
in Oracle, Arizona,

784
00:48:45,225 --> 00:48:48,061
at Biosphere 2,
where one

785
00:48:48,094 --> 00:48:50,030
of the most adventurous
and important experiments

786
00:48:50,063 --> 00:48:56,737
in human existence has begun.

787
00:48:56,770 --> 00:48:58,471
Et cetera, et cetera.

788
00:48:58,505 --> 00:49:01,708
‐ Good, that was perfect, like,
that was perfect.

789
00:49:01,742 --> 00:49:06,613
[music]

790
00:49:06,647 --> 00:49:11,084
‐ People like both wonder

791
00:49:11,117 --> 00:49:14,020
and sensation.
[laughs]

792
00:49:14,054 --> 00:49:19,092
I mean, so there's an appetite
and an audience for both.

793
00:49:19,125 --> 00:49:21,327
No, I was not a publicist.

794
00:49:21,361 --> 00:49:23,096
We didn't even have
a press department.

795
00:49:24,130 --> 00:49:26,266
We had no press release.

796
00:49:26,299 --> 00:49:27,534
‐ They want to just do it down
at that spot...

797
00:49:27,568 --> 00:49:28,702
‐ Regards
to a photo opportunity.

798
00:49:28,735 --> 00:49:29,970
‐ And they've got enough time,
so let's just go and do it.

799
00:49:30,003 --> 00:49:33,006
<i>It never entered our head</i>
<i>that it was going to be</i>

800
00:49:33,039 --> 00:49:35,408
something grand
and spectacular,

801
00:49:35,441 --> 00:49:38,011
it was going to blow
everyone's socks off.

802
00:49:39,479 --> 00:49:42,683
It started to ignite
a lot of interest.

803
00:49:42,716 --> 00:49:45,385
Margaret and John decided
that they should hire

804
00:49:45,418 --> 00:49:48,321
a professional PR firm
from LA.

805
00:49:48,655 --> 00:49:51,291
‐ The locals came in.
They reported faithfully,

806
00:49:51,324 --> 00:49:53,193
and then my job was
to leapfrog up

807
00:49:53,226 --> 00:49:54,661
to the national
and international,

808
00:49:54,695 --> 00:49:56,663
the networks.

809
00:49:56,697 --> 00:49:59,666
Here we had
this marvelous structure,

810
00:49:59,700 --> 00:50:03,670
and we had to do it right.
We had to beam them up somehow.

811
00:50:03,704 --> 00:50:06,239
‐ This live news event package
will include

812
00:50:06,272 --> 00:50:08,041
worldwide press coverage.

813
00:50:08,074 --> 00:50:09,810
Biosphere 2 is an idea

814
00:50:09,843 --> 00:50:12,478
that has intrigued Hollywood
for years.

815
00:50:12,513 --> 00:50:15,549
Celebrities will walk us
through the diverse biomes.

816
00:50:15,582 --> 00:50:17,518
‐ I am a big fan of everything

817
00:50:17,551 --> 00:50:19,085
that has to do
with the environment.

818
00:50:19,119 --> 00:50:21,254
‐ They'll present profiles
of the bionauts,

819
00:50:21,287 --> 00:50:23,056
who've journeyed
the world over,

820
00:50:23,089 --> 00:50:25,726
gathering what will live
in their new environment.

821
00:50:25,759 --> 00:50:28,529
Network presidents agree,
environmental programming

822
00:50:28,562 --> 00:50:31,231
is a must for the '90s.

823
00:50:31,264 --> 00:50:34,334
‐ Definitely went viral.
It was a global curiosity.

824
00:50:34,367 --> 00:50:37,170
‐ Biosphere 2.
‐ Biosphere 2.

825
00:50:37,203 --> 00:50:39,706
‐ Biosphere 2.
‐ Biosphere 2.

826
00:50:39,740 --> 00:50:42,308
‐ Biosphere 2.
‐ Biosphere 2.

827
00:50:42,342 --> 00:50:44,444
‐ Biosphera dos.
‐ Biosphere 2.

828
00:50:44,477 --> 00:50:46,246
‐ What an exciting assignment.

829
00:50:46,279 --> 00:50:48,214
‐ I'm telling you,
it was so incredible,

830
00:50:48,248 --> 00:50:51,184
and I just came back
from an ocean, a desert,

831
00:50:51,217 --> 00:50:54,521
a marsh,
a tropic zone, a savanna.

832
00:50:54,555 --> 00:50:56,356
‐ Ladies and gentlemen,
here is the president and CEO

833
00:50:56,389 --> 00:50:58,358
of Space Biosphere Ventures

834
00:50:58,391 --> 00:51:00,627
and five
of the eight Biospherians.

835
00:51:00,661 --> 00:51:01,795
Welcome them, please.

836
00:51:01,828 --> 00:51:03,396
Okay, have you got the picture?

837
00:51:03,429 --> 00:51:05,465
Is this something?
I'm telling you.

838
00:51:05,498 --> 00:51:08,134
‐ People wanted
to be enchanted.

839
00:51:08,168 --> 00:51:10,804
The notion
of eight human beings

840
00:51:10,837 --> 00:51:15,709
being separated from life,
from the availability of food.

841
00:51:15,742 --> 00:51:18,211
And I think it tapped
into something in people.

842
00:51:18,244 --> 00:51:20,547
♪ ♪

843
00:51:20,581 --> 00:51:24,518
‐ I had trepidation
that the media attention

844
00:51:24,551 --> 00:51:27,854
was too much, too soon,

845
00:51:27,888 --> 00:51:31,692
that we weren't
quite ready for that.

846
00:51:31,725 --> 00:51:34,327
‐ No air, water,
or other materials

847
00:51:34,360 --> 00:51:36,262
will pass
the airtight glass boundaries

848
00:51:36,296 --> 00:51:37,531
that enclose them.

849
00:51:37,564 --> 00:51:40,567
‐ But you get no new air
at all from the outside.

850
00:51:40,601 --> 00:51:42,836
‐ That's right. What we put in
when we enter in March

851
00:51:42,869 --> 00:51:44,705
is what we will have
in 100 years.

852
00:51:44,738 --> 00:51:46,339
‐ You don't cheat,
and take any air

853
00:51:46,372 --> 00:51:48,308
from the outside environment
into the Biosphere

854
00:51:48,341 --> 00:51:49,776
for the entire
two‐year experiment.

855
00:51:49,810 --> 00:51:51,612
‐ There won't be any cheating
for 100 years,

856
00:51:51,645 --> 00:51:55,381
not just the two years,
for the 100 years.

857
00:51:55,415 --> 00:51:58,619
‐ We were making it up
as we went.

858
00:51:58,652 --> 00:52:03,489
This was a group
that was sort of avant‐garde.

859
00:52:03,524 --> 00:52:09,395
‐ Today we're showing
my designs on two models.

860
00:52:09,429 --> 00:52:13,499
It'll work well for television
against the foliage,

861
00:52:13,534 --> 00:52:16,937
the rain forest,
the desert with the beige tone.

862
00:52:16,970 --> 00:52:19,405
That's why I believe
in clear red.

863
00:52:19,439 --> 00:52:22,375
[methodical waltz music]

864
00:52:22,408 --> 00:52:29,349
♪ ♪

865
00:52:31,451 --> 00:52:34,187
‐ Two of the Biospherians
are outside Biosphere 2

866
00:52:34,220 --> 00:52:35,889
this morning
in Oracle, Arizona.

867
00:52:35,922 --> 00:52:38,525
They are botanist Linda Leigh,
and the team's only physician,

868
00:52:38,559 --> 00:52:40,527
Dr. Roy Walford.
Good morning to both of you,

869
00:52:40,561 --> 00:52:43,296
and what in the heck
are you wearing?

870
00:52:43,329 --> 00:52:46,299
‐ Good morning.
Well, these are our suits,

871
00:52:46,332 --> 00:52:48,368
and uniforms that we wear

872
00:52:48,401 --> 00:52:49,402
on state occasions
like this one.

873
00:52:49,435 --> 00:52:51,605
<i>‐ Oh, I see.</i>
<i>You look like something</i>

874
00:52:51,638 --> 00:52:53,306
out of "Star Trek" to me.

875
00:52:53,339 --> 00:52:55,509
‐ Along with the debate
over whether this is science,

876
00:52:55,542 --> 00:52:58,478
or what critics call
ecological entertainment,

877
00:52:58,512 --> 00:53:00,480
there are some
darker questions.

878
00:53:00,514 --> 00:53:02,583
The idea for the Biosphere
was not born

879
00:53:02,616 --> 00:53:05,952
among a group of scientists.
It was born on a commune.

880
00:53:05,986 --> 00:53:07,788
In fact, some of those
who lived there

881
00:53:07,821 --> 00:53:10,256
say it had
the trappings of a cult.

882
00:53:10,290 --> 00:53:12,492
The questions center
around John Allen,

883
00:53:12,526 --> 00:53:14,327
the man considered
the driving force

884
00:53:14,360 --> 00:53:15,962
behind Biosphere 2.

885
00:53:15,996 --> 00:53:18,832
Three former residents
have told ABC News

886
00:53:18,865 --> 00:53:21,802
that Allen preached a blend
of ecology and doom.

887
00:53:21,835 --> 00:53:24,505
‐ There are accounts of how
the commune members took part

888
00:53:24,538 --> 00:53:27,473
in strange costumed rituals.

889
00:53:27,508 --> 00:53:29,776
A Biosphere 2 employee
told NBC News

890
00:53:29,810 --> 00:53:31,645
the people
running the project

891
00:53:31,678 --> 00:53:33,980
are an odd group
of individuals.

892
00:53:34,014 --> 00:53:36,883
He insisted on having
his identity protected.

893
00:53:36,917 --> 00:53:42,923
‐ They don't really strike me
as scientists,

894
00:53:42,956 --> 00:53:45,859
more like a group of people
thrown together

895
00:53:45,892 --> 00:53:47,894
and given a role to play.

896
00:53:47,928 --> 00:53:50,430
‐ The appetite
for sensationalism

897
00:53:50,463 --> 00:53:52,332
sells papers.

898
00:53:52,365 --> 00:53:56,502
Describing complex projects
doesn't sell papers.

899
00:53:56,537 --> 00:53:58,639
‐ Did you feel attacked?
‐ Well, I was attacked,

900
00:53:58,672 --> 00:54:01,975
but I didn't feel that I was.
[laughs]

901
00:54:02,008 --> 00:54:03,977
Here is your brainwashing
cult leader.

902
00:54:04,010 --> 00:54:05,612
[laughs]

903
00:54:05,646 --> 00:54:07,748
♪ ♪

904
00:54:07,781 --> 00:54:09,850
‐ I'm sure John felt
a huge amount of discomfort

905
00:54:09,883 --> 00:54:12,485
at having his accustomed role

906
00:54:12,519 --> 00:54:15,455
as director
of the drama threatened.

907
00:54:15,488 --> 00:54:18,358
‐ Right, grab that...

908
00:54:18,391 --> 00:54:23,630
‐ Frankly, I don't know
any human organization

909
00:54:23,664 --> 00:54:25,566
that does
an innovative startup

910
00:54:25,599 --> 00:54:28,501
that doesn't have
cult‐like aspects,

911
00:54:28,535 --> 00:54:30,904
especially
in the corporate sector.

912
00:54:30,937 --> 00:54:35,041
We are hardwired
to create cults

913
00:54:35,075 --> 00:54:37,878
in the innovative phase
of an organization.

914
00:54:43,016 --> 00:54:44,450
‐ Quick, the press is waiting!

915
00:54:44,484 --> 00:54:46,386
‐ [indistinct]
a new world and future.

916
00:54:46,419 --> 00:54:49,455
‐ From here to Mars!
‐ How exciting.

917
00:54:49,489 --> 00:54:51,825
‐ Smooth sailing.
‐ Younger every day.

918
00:54:51,858 --> 00:54:54,928
[laughter]

919
00:54:55,829 --> 00:54:58,464
‐ Before we went in,
we wrote a play

920
00:54:58,498 --> 00:55:00,100
called "The Wrong Stuff."

921
00:55:00,133 --> 00:55:02,703
‐ You must notify me at least
24 hours in advance

922
00:55:02,736 --> 00:55:05,772
of any water going either
into or out of the system.

923
00:55:06,507 --> 00:55:09,042
‐ Our play was everything
that could go wrong

924
00:55:09,075 --> 00:55:11,044
in the Biosphere went wrong,

925
00:55:11,745 --> 00:55:14,447
thinking that, okay,
if we did it on stage,

926
00:55:14,480 --> 00:55:16,983
then we don't have to do it
in the Biosphere.

927
00:55:17,017 --> 00:55:19,419
‐ [all chanting]
Flush one through the system.

928
00:55:19,452 --> 00:55:22,022
Flush one through the system.

929
00:55:22,055 --> 00:55:23,924
‐ Lunch.

930
00:55:23,957 --> 00:55:26,126
‐ French fries.

931
00:55:26,159 --> 00:55:28,529
[laughter]

932
00:55:28,562 --> 00:55:29,830
‐ ♪ We got the wrong stuff ♪

933
00:55:29,863 --> 00:55:32,666
♪ We got the wrong stuff,
we got the ♪

934
00:55:32,699 --> 00:55:35,068
♪ Got the wrong, wrong stuff ♪

935
00:55:35,101 --> 00:55:37,571
♪ And we're wrong ♪
‐ ♪ We're wrong ♪

936
00:55:37,604 --> 00:55:39,806
‐ ♪ We're wrong ♪
‐ ♪ We're wrong ♪

937
00:55:39,840 --> 00:55:41,842
‐ We're wrong.
‐ Yeah, we're wrong!

938
00:55:41,875 --> 00:55:44,845
[ominous music]

939
00:55:44,878 --> 00:55:51,818
♪ ♪

940
00:56:37,130 --> 00:56:39,966
‐ How can you prepare yourself
for something

941
00:56:40,000 --> 00:56:42,803
that you don't
even know what it is?

942
00:56:42,836 --> 00:56:44,838
That's what an expedition is.

943
00:56:44,871 --> 00:56:47,641
It's a journey
into the unknown.

944
00:56:47,674 --> 00:56:49,810
‐ We can be a threat
to our biosphere,

945
00:56:49,843 --> 00:56:54,447
play a destructive role,
or we can be stewards,

946
00:56:54,480 --> 00:56:56,182
contributing
to the reciprocal maintenance

947
00:56:56,216 --> 00:56:58,151
of natural ecological
processes.

948
00:56:58,184 --> 00:57:00,654
♪ ♪

949
00:57:00,687 --> 00:57:03,624
[cheers and applause]

950
00:57:03,657 --> 00:57:10,597
♪ ♪

951
00:57:19,806 --> 00:57:21,908
‐ Push, push, push, push.

952
00:57:21,942 --> 00:57:23,777
‐ Let me‐‐let me
close it, please.

953
00:57:23,810 --> 00:57:25,145
Be careful with it.
Okay, please?

954
00:57:25,178 --> 00:57:26,046
Yeah, I need to close it.
[indistinct]

955
00:57:26,079 --> 00:57:27,147
‐ Okay.

956
00:57:27,180 --> 00:57:28,649
‐ [indistinct]
Okay.

957
00:57:28,682 --> 00:57:30,016
‐ Let her do it.
Let her do it.

958
00:57:30,050 --> 00:57:31,885
Let her do it.

959
00:57:31,918 --> 00:57:33,486
Okay.
‐ She do it?

960
00:57:33,520 --> 00:57:35,055
‐ Here.
Get back.

961
00:57:35,088 --> 00:57:36,857
‐ [laughs]

962
00:57:36,890 --> 00:57:39,793
[cheers and applause]

963
00:57:52,639 --> 00:57:54,741
[gentle music]

964
00:57:54,775 --> 00:57:57,944
‐ It was such a relief when
the cameras were finally off.

965
00:57:57,978 --> 00:58:04,150
♪ ♪

966
00:58:04,184 --> 00:58:05,719
‐ I went into
the wilderness area,

967
00:58:05,752 --> 00:58:07,854
which was the area
that I was managing.

968
00:58:07,888 --> 00:58:10,791
♪ ♪

969
00:58:10,824 --> 00:58:13,293
And I rained,
I turned the rain on.

970
00:58:13,326 --> 00:58:20,266
♪ ♪

971
00:58:25,739 --> 00:58:28,308
It was just to wash
all the air, thinking,

972
00:58:28,341 --> 00:58:30,844
"Okay, let's just wash
all this other stuff

973
00:58:30,877 --> 00:58:32,646
out of here and begin anew."

974
00:58:32,679 --> 00:58:39,620
♪ ♪

975
00:58:51,364 --> 00:58:55,736
‐ The reality that it was just
the eight of us

976
00:58:55,769 --> 00:58:59,139
in this amazing new world

977
00:58:59,172 --> 00:59:00,907
started to hit.

978
00:59:00,941 --> 00:59:06,613
♪ ♪

979
00:59:06,647 --> 00:59:09,149
You can think and think
and think and think about,

980
00:59:09,182 --> 00:59:11,852
"Oh, I'm going away
for two years,"

981
00:59:11,885 --> 00:59:15,622
but suddenly,
wow, we're here.

982
00:59:15,656 --> 00:59:22,295
♪ ♪

983
00:59:22,328 --> 00:59:24,130
You know, we were pioneers.

984
00:59:24,164 --> 00:59:27,968
We were
the first Biospherians.

985
00:59:28,001 --> 00:59:31,137
There was also this pride.

986
00:59:31,171 --> 00:59:33,907
Hey, you've given us
a new world to, you know,

987
00:59:33,940 --> 00:59:35,609
figure out how to live in,

988
00:59:35,642 --> 00:59:37,243
and we're gonna grow up
with this thing.

989
00:59:37,277 --> 00:59:39,012
We're gonna take care of it.

990
00:59:39,045 --> 00:59:41,815
["This Must Be The Place"
by Talking Heads playing]

991
00:59:41,848 --> 00:59:48,789
♪ ♪

992
00:59:52,092 --> 00:59:55,929
‐ ♪ Home is where
I want to be ♪

993
00:59:55,962 --> 00:59:59,733
♪ Pick me up
and turn me round ♪

994
00:59:59,766 --> 01:00:02,368
‐ Sally Silverstone‐‐
she used to joke,

995
01:00:02,402 --> 01:00:05,171
"I managed a mental hospital
in India.

996
01:00:05,205 --> 01:00:07,741
"You know, that's nothing
compared to managing

997
01:00:07,774 --> 01:00:10,010
eight Biospherians."

998
01:00:10,043 --> 01:00:12,946
‐ I was a huge space nut
when I was a kid.

999
01:00:12,979 --> 01:00:16,049
I loved the idea
of colonizing other planets.

1000
01:00:16,082 --> 01:00:18,084
I loved science fiction movies

1001
01:00:18,118 --> 01:00:20,386
where people were all living
under glass domes,

1002
01:00:20,420 --> 01:00:23,056
and, you know,
growing their own food.

1003
01:00:23,089 --> 01:00:26,426
I was really interested to see
if we were going to be able

1004
01:00:26,459 --> 01:00:30,997
to feed ourselves off
this tiny piece of land.

1005
01:00:31,031 --> 01:00:34,735
‐ Taber MacCallum,
the wunderkind of Biosphere 2.

1006
01:00:35,401 --> 01:00:39,305
‐ Taber is a genius, so he
brought that to the table,

1007
01:00:39,339 --> 01:00:43,109
but he also really knew a lot
about closed systems

1008
01:00:43,143 --> 01:00:45,145
from his experience in diving,

1009
01:00:45,178 --> 01:00:47,280
so he did a lot
of the work involved

1010
01:00:47,313 --> 01:00:50,283
with testing of the atmosphere
and soils.

1011
01:00:50,316 --> 01:00:53,720
♪ ♪

1012
01:00:53,754 --> 01:00:57,023
‐ Jane Pointer, our field
manager of the agriculture.

1013
01:00:57,057 --> 01:00:59,960
‐ Jane was wonderful
with the animal systems.

1014
01:00:59,993 --> 01:01:02,963
She took care of our chickens
and our goats,

1015
01:01:02,996 --> 01:01:04,397
our wonderful goats.

1016
01:01:04,430 --> 01:01:09,402
♪ ♪

1017
01:01:09,435 --> 01:01:11,705
‐ Taber and Jane,

1018
01:01:11,738 --> 01:01:15,075
and Gay, Laser‐‐
they were couples,

1019
01:01:15,108 --> 01:01:18,144
you know, before they came in.

1020
01:01:18,178 --> 01:01:22,415
Laser, he appears,
and he can fix anything.

1021
01:01:22,448 --> 01:01:29,222
‐ So he knew that thing
like the back of his hand.

1022
01:01:29,255 --> 01:01:31,892
‐ Gay Alling,
the marine biologist.

1023
01:01:31,925 --> 01:01:35,261
‐ She had put
this little ocean together

1024
01:01:35,295 --> 01:01:36,963
against all odds.

1025
01:01:36,997 --> 01:01:40,433
♪ ♪

1026
01:01:40,466 --> 01:01:43,236
‐ Roy Walford was
our medical officer.

1027
01:01:43,269 --> 01:01:45,506
He was a great scientist,

1028
01:01:45,539 --> 01:01:50,844
looking at the effect of diet
on the aging process.

1029
01:01:50,877 --> 01:01:53,914
‐ Each week, Dr. Roy Walford
swims two miles

1030
01:01:53,947 --> 01:01:55,749
and then runs another ten.

1031
01:01:55,782 --> 01:01:58,952
You probably wouldn't guess
he was 60 years old.

1032
01:01:58,985 --> 01:02:01,221
What's more,
Dr. Walford says at that age,

1033
01:02:01,254 --> 01:02:03,757
his life is only
about half over.

1034
01:02:03,790 --> 01:02:06,092
120 years, he says,

1035
01:02:06,126 --> 01:02:08,394
is his life expectancy,
maybe more.

1036
01:02:08,428 --> 01:02:12,098
‐ Roy was your archetypal
mad scientist‐

1037
01:02:12,132 --> 01:02:16,369
cum‐avant‐garde theater person
and explorer,

1038
01:02:16,402 --> 01:02:18,505
rolled up into one.

1039
01:02:18,539 --> 01:02:21,241
‐ ♪ Nothing ♪

1040
01:02:21,274 --> 01:02:23,143
♪ ♪

1041
01:02:23,176 --> 01:02:25,378
‐ We were all working together

1042
01:02:25,411 --> 01:02:27,548
because we all had
this common goal,

1043
01:02:27,581 --> 01:02:31,217
and it was something
we all really believed in.

1044
01:02:31,251 --> 01:02:33,520
♪ ♪

1045
01:02:33,554 --> 01:02:36,489
[somber orchestral music]

1046
01:02:36,523 --> 01:02:43,429
♪ ♪

1047
01:02:46,332 --> 01:02:49,035
‐ My absolute joy
inside Biosphere 2

1048
01:02:49,069 --> 01:02:53,574
was to get up really,
really early in the morning,

1049
01:02:53,607 --> 01:02:57,343
to just go out onto
the little balcony overlooked

1050
01:02:57,377 --> 01:02:59,445
our agricultural system.

1051
01:02:59,479 --> 01:03:01,081
Very early in the morning,

1052
01:03:01,114 --> 01:03:03,316
I'd make myself
a cup of mint tea

1053
01:03:03,349 --> 01:03:06,386
and just watch the sun
come up over the Biosphere.

1054
01:03:06,419 --> 01:03:08,589
It was absolutely phenomenal.

1055
01:03:08,622 --> 01:03:12,559
♪ ♪

1056
01:03:12,593 --> 01:03:15,562
[chimes ringing]

1057
01:03:15,596 --> 01:03:18,198
♪ ♪

1058
01:03:19,465 --> 01:03:23,403
[indistinct speech]

1059
01:03:23,436 --> 01:03:25,371
‐ [laughs]

1060
01:04:06,112 --> 01:04:09,049
[light music]

1061
01:04:09,082 --> 01:04:16,289
♪ ♪

1062
01:04:17,223 --> 01:04:19,059
‐ We have to take care
of our Biosphere,

1063
01:04:19,092 --> 01:04:20,594
because it's gonna
take care of us.

1064
01:04:20,627 --> 01:04:26,299
♪ ♪

1065
01:04:26,332 --> 01:04:30,003
Everything was being recycled.
Everything was being replaced.

1066
01:04:30,036 --> 01:04:33,473
The nutrients were all being
put back into the same system.

1067
01:04:33,507 --> 01:04:39,212
♪ ♪

1068
01:04:39,245 --> 01:04:41,615
‐ Everyone was super aware
that Biosphere 2

1069
01:04:41,648 --> 01:04:46,019
was literally our lifeboat.

1070
01:04:46,052 --> 01:04:49,155
We had to manage carefully
the cycles

1071
01:04:49,189 --> 01:04:51,625
of carbon dioxide and oxygen,

1072
01:04:51,658 --> 01:04:54,427
because our greatest fear
was that CO2

1073
01:04:54,460 --> 01:04:56,162
was going to get so high

1074
01:04:56,196 --> 01:04:58,298
that we'd be driven
out of the biosphere.

1075
01:04:58,331 --> 01:05:01,267
♪ ♪

1076
01:05:01,301 --> 01:05:03,403
‐ I loved seeing

1077
01:05:03,436 --> 01:05:07,273
the consequences
of my actions right away.

1078
01:05:07,307 --> 01:05:10,711
If I picked a sweet potato
out of the soil,

1079
01:05:10,744 --> 01:05:14,314
there would be
a poof of carbon dioxide.

1080
01:05:14,347 --> 01:05:16,683
We could kind of get
a good feeling

1081
01:05:16,717 --> 01:05:20,020
for what our impact was
on the atmosphere.

1082
01:05:20,053 --> 01:05:22,388
‐ I have
a personal relationship

1083
01:05:22,422 --> 01:05:26,560
with every single plant
in the rain forest,

1084
01:05:26,593 --> 01:05:32,298
in the savanna, in the desert,
either having touched it

1085
01:05:32,332 --> 01:05:39,105
because I collected it,
or grew it, or accessioned it,

1086
01:05:39,139 --> 01:05:43,610
or photographed it,
planted it, propagated it.

1087
01:05:43,644 --> 01:05:47,714
I have connections with the
whole world of life in here.

1088
01:05:47,748 --> 01:05:50,551
[warm brass music]

1089
01:05:50,584 --> 01:05:53,219
♪ ♪

1090
01:05:53,253 --> 01:05:56,623
‐ Roy was filming continually.

1091
01:05:56,657 --> 01:06:03,597
♪ ♪

1092
01:06:06,299 --> 01:06:09,069
Roy's filming of life

1093
01:06:09,102 --> 01:06:13,373
inside Biosphere 2
is tremendously valuable data.

1094
01:06:13,406 --> 01:06:16,476
‐ We were learning
the most phenomenal amount

1095
01:06:16,510 --> 01:06:18,645
from that system.

1096
01:06:18,679 --> 01:06:23,016
‐ We actually had 64 separate
research projects going on.

1097
01:06:23,049 --> 01:06:26,286
There were over 1,000 sensors,

1098
01:06:26,319 --> 01:06:30,557
tons and tons of data.

1099
01:06:30,591 --> 01:06:34,661
We were monitoring critical
vectors like trace gases

1100
01:06:34,695 --> 01:06:37,497
and what was happening
with the atmosphere.

1101
01:06:37,531 --> 01:06:40,033
Everything accelerated.

1102
01:06:40,066 --> 01:06:41,768
The cycles were literally

1103
01:06:41,802 --> 01:06:45,639
thousands of times faster
in Biosphere 2.

1104
01:06:45,672 --> 01:06:48,474
‐ I'm making measurements
in the analytical lab

1105
01:06:48,509 --> 01:06:50,110
so that we can
better understand

1106
01:06:50,143 --> 01:06:52,412
the biogeochemical cycles

1107
01:06:52,445 --> 01:06:54,480
that are occurring
in Biosphere 2.

1108
01:06:54,515 --> 01:06:57,417
‐ With the conventional
scientific thinking,

1109
01:06:57,450 --> 01:07:00,353
you had hypotheses,

1110
01:07:00,386 --> 01:07:03,289
but we did
a lot of what we did

1111
01:07:03,323 --> 01:07:07,360
based on more of a different
way of doing science.

1112
01:07:07,393 --> 01:07:12,666
The idea was, here's all this
stuff, and what's gonna happen?

1113
01:07:14,701 --> 01:07:19,205
‐ The planet urgently needs
to study biospheres.

1114
01:07:19,239 --> 01:07:23,409
This is the first laboratory.

1115
01:07:23,443 --> 01:07:25,679
If we can transplant
a coral reef

1116
01:07:25,712 --> 01:07:29,182
and keep it healthy,

1117
01:07:29,215 --> 01:07:31,852
if we can run a farm
and not pollute the atmosphere

1118
01:07:31,885 --> 01:07:36,523
and the water,
recycle all the nutrients,

1119
01:07:36,557 --> 01:07:39,125
there are huge lessons
to be learned here.

1120
01:07:39,159 --> 01:07:43,797
‐ Okay, I'd like to welcome
everybody to Biosphere 2.

1121
01:07:43,830 --> 01:07:45,231
‐ Come on in.
‐ Thank you.

1122
01:07:45,265 --> 01:07:47,534
‐ All right, thank you.

1123
01:07:47,568 --> 01:07:51,137
‐ That is Mark Nelson.

1124
01:07:51,171 --> 01:07:52,873
Mark Nelson.

1125
01:07:52,906 --> 01:07:55,175
He's the
communication officer inside.

1126
01:07:55,208 --> 01:07:56,877
[upbeat music]

1127
01:07:56,910 --> 01:07:59,846
‐ People started showing up,
wanting to see everything,

1128
01:07:59,880 --> 01:08:01,682
and they wanted tours.

1129
01:08:01,715 --> 01:08:03,850
They'd heard
about this amazing place.

1130
01:08:03,884 --> 01:08:06,119
So we set up a visitor center.

1131
01:08:06,152 --> 01:08:10,857
We were hoping that that would
pay for a great deal of it,

1132
01:08:10,891 --> 01:08:12,593
which it didn't.

1133
01:08:12,626 --> 01:08:15,228
♪ ♪

1134
01:08:15,261 --> 01:08:17,497
‐ Where do we get the T‐shirts?

1135
01:08:17,531 --> 01:08:19,633
‐ What we're upset is that

1136
01:08:19,666 --> 01:08:21,535
there's no multiculturalism
inside.

1137
01:08:21,568 --> 01:08:23,570
‐ I would like to know‐‐
I would like to know

1138
01:08:23,604 --> 01:08:25,672
what a young black woman
from Brooklyn

1139
01:08:25,706 --> 01:08:28,642
would do in a biosphere, huh?

1140
01:08:28,675 --> 01:08:30,677
‐ Nothing can get in,
and nothing can get out.

1141
01:08:30,711 --> 01:08:33,880
I'm wondering‐‐I'm wondering
how long they can last in there

1142
01:08:33,914 --> 01:08:35,582
without getting sick
or something.

1143
01:08:35,616 --> 01:08:37,584
‐ Emily, you think
you're gonna live in a place

1144
01:08:37,618 --> 01:08:39,686
like that someday?
Yeah?

1145
01:08:39,720 --> 01:08:42,488
‐ This is an excellent model
for the future,

1146
01:08:42,523 --> 01:08:44,558
but it won't work.
People are too mean.

1147
01:08:44,591 --> 01:08:48,929
People are too abusive, yeah.
People abuse our world.

1148
01:08:48,962 --> 01:08:50,931
Our world's
going down the tubes.

1149
01:08:50,964 --> 01:08:53,366
‐ The Biosphere dazzles
the eye.

1150
01:08:53,399 --> 01:08:54,835
There is no dispute
about that.

1151
01:08:54,868 --> 01:08:56,803
But is it science?

1152
01:08:56,837 --> 01:08:59,139
‐ It is a great adventure.

1153
01:08:59,640 --> 01:09:01,808
And as adventure,
you know, fine.

1154
01:09:01,842 --> 01:09:03,710
That's not science.

1155
01:09:03,744 --> 01:09:06,379
‐ University of Texas
ecologist Bassett McGuire

1156
01:09:06,412 --> 01:09:07,848
and other scientists say

1157
01:09:07,881 --> 01:09:10,450
no matter what happens
inside the Biosphere,

1158
01:09:10,483 --> 01:09:13,386
nothing will be proved,
because the showy experiment

1159
01:09:13,419 --> 01:09:16,256
cannot be duplicated
to double‐check results,

1160
01:09:16,289 --> 01:09:19,626
and they say the project
combines too many unknowns.

1161
01:09:19,660 --> 01:09:21,628
‐ So, if this isn't science,
what is it?

1162
01:09:22,295 --> 01:09:25,231
‐ Well, I like to describe
Biosphere 2

1163
01:09:25,265 --> 01:09:26,967
as trendy
ecological entertainment.

1164
01:09:27,000 --> 01:09:33,940
♪ ♪

1165
01:09:42,983 --> 01:09:44,618
‐ We were having

1166
01:09:44,651 --> 01:09:47,420
such a wonderful time
in there,

1167
01:09:47,453 --> 01:09:51,558
and then this really
shocking thing happened.

1168
01:09:51,592 --> 01:09:55,829
Jane Pointer put her hand
into a grain threshing machine

1169
01:09:55,862 --> 01:09:59,866
without turning it off.

1170
01:09:59,900 --> 01:10:02,903
I actually remember unpacking
the threshing machine

1171
01:10:02,936 --> 01:10:04,738
and finding
the tip of her finger.

1172
01:10:04,771 --> 01:10:08,341
[string music]

1173
01:10:08,374 --> 01:10:09,743
‐ There was debate
whether it would be

1174
01:10:09,776 --> 01:10:14,280
a breach of protocol
for her to leave.

1175
01:10:14,314 --> 01:10:16,917
‐ Go out and see
a hand surgeon...

1176
01:10:16,950 --> 01:10:18,952
‐ You mean I'd have to go out?

1177
01:10:18,985 --> 01:10:21,454
‐ [indistinct]

1178
01:10:21,487 --> 01:10:23,724
‐ We decided, okay,

1179
01:10:23,757 --> 01:10:26,459
if Jane eats nothing
outside...

1180
01:10:26,492 --> 01:10:29,329
♪ ♪

1181
01:10:29,362 --> 01:10:32,265
Goes to the hospital
in the ambulance with me,

1182
01:10:32,298 --> 01:10:33,634
I'm there the whole time

1183
01:10:33,667 --> 01:10:37,003
to make sure
nothing non‐kosher happens,

1184
01:10:37,037 --> 01:10:39,740
and then we bring her back
through the airlock.

1185
01:10:39,773 --> 01:10:43,343
[cheers and applause]

1186
01:10:43,376 --> 01:10:45,579
‐ Bye again!

1187
01:10:45,612 --> 01:10:47,013
‐ Bye again.

1188
01:10:47,047 --> 01:10:50,984
‐ And we thought
it would be just a blip.

1189
01:10:51,017 --> 01:10:53,554
♪ ♪

1190
01:10:53,587 --> 01:10:56,289
‐ Biospherian Jane Pointer had
to emerge briefly

1191
01:10:56,322 --> 01:10:58,625
for surgery on a finger.

1192
01:10:58,659 --> 01:11:00,894
It was later learned
that she carried a duffel bag

1193
01:11:00,927 --> 01:11:03,530
full of supplies
back in with her.

1194
01:11:03,564 --> 01:11:05,532
‐ I put some of the stuff
in the bag.

1195
01:11:07,634 --> 01:11:10,070
You know, what could one say?
What are you doing?

1196
01:11:10,103 --> 01:11:11,437
Bringing stuff
in the Biosphere?

1197
01:11:11,471 --> 01:11:13,473
Bad news.

1198
01:11:13,507 --> 01:11:16,009
‐ And she came back
with two duffel bags.

1199
01:11:16,042 --> 01:11:19,880
Computer parts,
maybe an extra T‐shirt.

1200
01:11:19,913 --> 01:11:24,484
♪ ♪

1201
01:11:24,518 --> 01:11:26,052
It's a really
interesting thing

1202
01:11:26,086 --> 01:11:27,754
to see how the media

1203
01:11:27,788 --> 01:11:31,925
suddenly made Biosphere 2
into a game show

1204
01:11:31,958 --> 01:11:34,561
where the only question was,

1205
01:11:34,595 --> 01:11:36,730
will eight people stay in there
for two years,

1206
01:11:36,763 --> 01:11:38,765
and will everything
work perfectly?

1207
01:11:38,799 --> 01:11:40,901
‐ Directors
of the Biosphere 2 project

1208
01:11:40,934 --> 01:11:42,468
are defending themselves

1209
01:11:42,502 --> 01:11:44,771
against charges
of public deception.

1210
01:11:44,805 --> 01:11:46,640
‐ In the forefront now
is the question

1211
01:11:46,673 --> 01:11:47,941
of whether living

1212
01:11:47,974 --> 01:11:50,677
in this earthbound
enclosed environment

1213
01:11:50,711 --> 01:11:53,647
is possible without
a lot of help from the outside.

1214
01:11:53,680 --> 01:11:55,616
♪ ♪

1215
01:11:55,649 --> 01:12:00,854
‐ Once the negativity started,
John was very upset and hurt.

1216
01:12:02,523 --> 01:12:04,558
‐ Don't show that,
or I'm gonna do something.

1217
01:12:05,892 --> 01:12:07,928
‐ There was a lot of paranoia.

1218
01:12:07,961 --> 01:12:11,732
Margaret and John wanted
to control the situation.

1219
01:12:11,765 --> 01:12:13,466
I told Margaret,

1220
01:12:13,499 --> 01:12:18,138
"Disclose everything
and we'll be all right,"

1221
01:12:18,171 --> 01:12:21,942
but Margaret did not agree
with this point of view.

1222
01:12:21,975 --> 01:12:23,710
‐ Margaret,
I'd like to ask you something,

1223
01:12:23,744 --> 01:12:26,713
because from the tone of it,
I'm a little surprised.

1224
01:12:26,747 --> 01:12:28,582
You're making it sound
as though

1225
01:12:28,615 --> 01:12:31,952
this is
part of normal procedure.

1226
01:12:31,985 --> 01:12:35,922
‐ Margaret and John started
to become more secretive,

1227
01:12:35,956 --> 01:12:38,825
and this only reinforced

1228
01:12:38,859 --> 01:12:41,595
the idea that there
was something to hide.

1229
01:12:41,628 --> 01:12:47,000
♪ ♪

1230
01:13:10,691 --> 01:13:12,926
‐ I tell you what was
really stressful is,

1231
01:13:12,959 --> 01:13:14,761
when Jane got back in,

1232
01:13:14,795 --> 01:13:18,599
she was pretty much
incapacitated.

1233
01:13:18,632 --> 01:13:20,767
We had to take up
her farming work.

1234
01:13:20,801 --> 01:13:23,670
[serene music]

1235
01:13:23,704 --> 01:13:25,606
And I do remember, you know,

1236
01:13:25,639 --> 01:13:30,043
Roy, pretty early on, saying
that he resented

1237
01:13:30,076 --> 01:13:33,714
that he didn't have
as much time to do research

1238
01:13:33,747 --> 01:13:36,650
because he was taking part
in farming chores.

1239
01:13:36,683 --> 01:13:41,221
♪ ♪

1240
01:13:41,254 --> 01:13:43,924
People are people,
and, you know,

1241
01:13:43,957 --> 01:13:46,960
squabbling,
and personality conflicts.

1242
01:13:46,993 --> 01:13:48,895
‐ Oh, for heaven's sake.
‐ Eek!

1243
01:13:48,929 --> 01:13:52,465
[indistinct]
I dropped my shears.

1244
01:13:52,498 --> 01:13:54,167
‐ Don't get so excited
you fall, Jane.

1245
01:13:54,200 --> 01:13:56,803
It's not worth it
for a cockroach.

1246
01:14:00,206 --> 01:14:01,141
‐ What?

1247
01:14:03,810 --> 01:14:05,679
‐ Nobody knew what
it would be like

1248
01:14:05,712 --> 01:14:08,715
to live with seven people
for two years.

1249
01:14:08,749 --> 01:14:13,219
♪ ♪

1250
01:14:13,253 --> 01:14:17,791
‐ Nothing improved morale
like a really good meal.

1251
01:14:17,824 --> 01:14:25,031
♪ ♪

1252
01:14:25,732 --> 01:14:28,769
We had no artificial sugar
at all inside Biosphere 2,

1253
01:14:28,802 --> 01:14:31,538
so all of our birthday cakes
were banana‐flavored.

1254
01:14:31,572 --> 01:14:33,740
♪ ♪

1255
01:14:33,774 --> 01:14:36,843
I was really proud
of my birthday cakes,

1256
01:14:36,877 --> 01:14:40,547
because it was extremely
difficult to make a cake

1257
01:14:40,581 --> 01:14:46,820
with no butter, a few eggs,
hardly any oil, and no sugar.

1258
01:14:46,853 --> 01:14:48,789
♪ ♪

1259
01:14:48,822 --> 01:14:52,158
I knew that cake was
gonna disappear in seconds.

1260
01:14:52,192 --> 01:14:55,261
♪ ♪

1261
01:14:55,295 --> 01:14:58,865
Banana was the best candidate
to try and make wine.

1262
01:14:58,899 --> 01:15:04,037
I think the banana wine might
have been good eventually,

1263
01:15:04,070 --> 01:15:06,873
but it never lived that long.

1264
01:15:06,907 --> 01:15:08,975
The minute it had
alcoholic content,

1265
01:15:09,009 --> 01:15:09,976
that was it.

1266
01:15:10,010 --> 01:15:11,177
♪ ♪

1267
01:15:39,973 --> 01:15:42,876
[vocal music playing on radio]

1268
01:15:42,909 --> 01:15:49,115
♪ ♪

1269
01:16:02,663 --> 01:16:05,632
[upbeat music]

1270
01:16:05,666 --> 01:16:12,673
♪ ♪

1271
01:16:12,706 --> 01:16:15,609
[relaxed music playing]

1272
01:16:15,642 --> 01:16:22,583
♪ ♪

1273
01:17:19,472 --> 01:17:22,408
[gentle piano music]

1274
01:17:22,442 --> 01:17:29,850
♪ ♪

1275
01:17:30,817 --> 01:17:35,989
‐ I had this dream Biosphere 2
is starting to levitate.

1276
01:17:36,022 --> 01:17:39,459
It's starting to go
into orbit,

1277
01:17:39,492 --> 01:17:41,261
and so I'm madly running,

1278
01:17:41,294 --> 01:17:43,263
and I'm saying,
you know, the other seven,

1279
01:17:43,296 --> 01:17:45,231
we're all running to be
the first people

1280
01:17:45,265 --> 01:17:48,001
to see the Earth
from inside Biosphere 2.

1281
01:17:48,034 --> 01:17:51,905
♪ ♪

1282
01:17:51,938 --> 01:17:54,941
We were like an intrepid
group of astronauts.

1283
01:17:54,975 --> 01:18:00,981
♪ ♪

1284
01:18:01,014 --> 01:18:03,416
We're on the Moon, or Mars.

1285
01:18:03,449 --> 01:18:10,256
♪ ♪

1286
01:18:17,430 --> 01:18:23,870
‐ I was outside looking in,
working with mission control.

1287
01:18:23,904 --> 01:18:25,772
‐ Take a little tour around.

1288
01:18:25,806 --> 01:18:29,375
This is the computer room,
the Telex room.

1289
01:18:29,409 --> 01:18:33,880
‐ Mission control
was an entire team

1290
01:18:33,914 --> 01:18:39,452
recording the data
from Biosphere 2.

1291
01:18:39,485 --> 01:18:41,988
‐ My office was in
mission control,

1292
01:18:42,022 --> 01:18:45,325
on second floor, right down
the hall from the CEO.

1293
01:18:45,358 --> 01:18:47,293
[synth music]

1294
01:18:47,327 --> 01:18:49,930
When you're doing
the finance ends of things,

1295
01:18:49,963 --> 01:18:51,765
you're not a front person.

1296
01:18:51,798 --> 01:18:54,000
You're hidden
behind the scenes.

1297
01:18:54,034 --> 01:18:56,402
♪ ♪

1298
01:18:56,436 --> 01:18:59,339
And I made it a purpose often
to run around the Biosphere

1299
01:18:59,372 --> 01:19:03,844
most every day,

1300
01:19:03,877 --> 01:19:07,313
and look at it.
That was my exercise.

1301
01:19:07,347 --> 01:19:09,950
That was my daily run.

1302
01:19:09,983 --> 01:19:11,985
♪ ♪

1303
01:19:12,018 --> 01:19:14,154
I‐‐yeah, I felt
very, very connected

1304
01:19:14,187 --> 01:19:15,989
to everybody in there.

1305
01:19:16,022 --> 01:19:22,963
♪ ♪

1306
01:19:25,298 --> 01:19:27,467
‐ Every day,
John was in mission control

1307
01:19:27,500 --> 01:19:30,036
monitoring the project.

1308
01:19:30,070 --> 01:19:33,940
People had
different pressures on them

1309
01:19:33,974 --> 01:19:36,176
by the enormity of the project

1310
01:19:36,209 --> 01:19:42,148
and its profile in the media.
John Allen‐‐

1311
01:19:42,182 --> 01:19:45,251
he's always thinking
about the project itself,

1312
01:19:45,285 --> 01:19:47,287
thinking about
every possible thing

1313
01:19:47,320 --> 01:19:48,922
that he thought
could go wrong.

1314
01:19:48,955 --> 01:19:55,896
♪ ♪

1315
01:20:02,468 --> 01:20:05,271
‐ There was this mysterious
thing that happened,

1316
01:20:05,305 --> 01:20:09,475
a sudden spike increase in CO2.

1317
01:20:09,510 --> 01:20:11,077
‐ I mean, it was
a substantial rise

1318
01:20:11,111 --> 01:20:14,848
in carbon dioxide.

1319
01:20:14,881 --> 01:20:17,317
‐ I couldn't finish
a long sentence

1320
01:20:17,350 --> 01:20:19,452
without stopping to take
a breath or two.

1321
01:20:19,485 --> 01:20:21,021
‐ Walking up the steps,

1322
01:20:21,054 --> 01:20:22,989
I could only walk
a couple steps,

1323
01:20:23,023 --> 01:20:28,128
and then I'd have to stop
and take a breath.

1324
01:20:28,161 --> 01:20:29,930
‐ You know,
the onset of winter

1325
01:20:29,963 --> 01:20:31,464
was kind of scary times.

1326
01:20:31,497 --> 01:20:35,368
♪ ♪

1327
01:20:35,401 --> 01:20:39,973
As the days got shorter,
we were pretty scared, one,

1328
01:20:40,006 --> 01:20:42,275
that we couldn't control CO2.

1329
01:20:42,308 --> 01:20:46,446
Whereas food also got shorter,
crops took longer to mature.

1330
01:20:46,479 --> 01:20:49,616
♪ ♪

1331
01:20:49,650 --> 01:20:52,085
‐ We had to make
some pretty hard decisions,

1332
01:20:52,118 --> 01:20:56,122
because some crops
were just way more productive

1333
01:20:56,156 --> 01:20:57,958
than others,
even though we might have been

1334
01:20:57,991 --> 01:21:01,528
sick of eating
that particular thing.

1335
01:21:01,562 --> 01:21:07,067
Beetroot soup, beetroot salad,
and with a side of beetroot.

1336
01:21:07,100 --> 01:21:10,971
♪ ♪

1337
01:21:11,004 --> 01:21:13,273
Roy Walford,
who was our doctor‐‐

1338
01:21:13,306 --> 01:21:16,276
his theory was that
a low calorie diet

1339
01:21:16,309 --> 01:21:20,313
was the secret to longevity.

1340
01:21:20,346 --> 01:21:24,050
‐ Roy's whole thing was that
if you did it intelligently,

1341
01:21:24,084 --> 01:21:29,055
you could half starve to death
and live well to 120 years.

1342
01:21:29,089 --> 01:21:32,258
‐ And this was the perfect
research opportunity for him.

1343
01:21:32,292 --> 01:21:37,598
♪ ♪

1344
01:21:37,631 --> 01:21:42,536
‐ I made this calculation.
If this weight loss continues,

1345
01:21:42,569 --> 01:21:46,006
I will be ‐90 pounds
when I leave.

1346
01:21:46,039 --> 01:21:48,975
[somber music]

1347
01:21:49,009 --> 01:21:53,479
♪ ♪

1348
01:21:53,514 --> 01:21:56,149
‐ We saw that the oxygen was
really getting low,

1349
01:21:56,182 --> 01:22:00,320
to a point where
it could cause brain damage,

1350
01:22:00,353 --> 01:22:03,223
and I think one of the reasons
that our group of eight

1351
01:22:03,256 --> 01:22:06,259
were belligerent
towards each other was,

1352
01:22:06,292 --> 01:22:09,530
we were suffocating
and starving.

1353
01:22:09,563 --> 01:22:11,497
‐ Started out
by fucking saying,

1354
01:22:11,532 --> 01:22:13,534
I'm staying down here,
watching the creek.

1355
01:22:13,567 --> 01:22:17,738
♪ ♪

1356
01:22:17,771 --> 01:22:20,707
‐ The fighting is taking away
from us coalescing

1357
01:22:20,741 --> 01:22:24,177
as a group
to accomplish our objectives.

1358
01:22:24,210 --> 01:22:26,312
‐ John said,
"Oh, you need to start

1359
01:22:26,346 --> 01:22:27,714
"doing some advanced yoga

1360
01:22:27,748 --> 01:22:30,016
so you don't use
as much oxygen."

1361
01:22:30,050 --> 01:22:31,685
♪ ♪

1362
01:22:31,718 --> 01:22:34,154
I started to resent
John Allen.

1363
01:22:34,187 --> 01:22:37,190
♪ ♪

1364
01:22:37,223 --> 01:22:40,694
‐ We had occasional meetings
with John via video.

1365
01:22:40,727 --> 01:22:42,696
♪ ♪

1366
01:22:42,729 --> 01:22:46,567
There was a lot of personal
animosities towards John.

1367
01:22:46,600 --> 01:22:52,038
♪ ♪

1368
01:22:52,072 --> 01:22:56,176
‐ John Allen controls who gets
to communicate with whom.

1369
01:22:56,209 --> 01:22:58,679
‐ Mm‐hmm.
‐ And there are certain people

1370
01:22:58,712 --> 01:23:01,481
that I'm not supposed
to talk to who are scientists,

1371
01:23:01,515 --> 01:23:03,349
who I would really like
to talk to,

1372
01:23:03,383 --> 01:23:06,186
particularly about oxygen,
and these are people

1373
01:23:06,219 --> 01:23:08,121
that I'm not supposed
to talk with directly.

1374
01:23:08,154 --> 01:23:12,192
♪ ♪

1375
01:23:12,225 --> 01:23:17,363
‐ John‐‐he had created
this whole world.

1376
01:23:17,397 --> 01:23:20,767
♪ ♪

1377
01:23:20,801 --> 01:23:22,603
Oh, I think a part of him,

1378
01:23:22,636 --> 01:23:25,105
like any red‐blooded
white American male,

1379
01:23:25,138 --> 01:23:27,073
wanted that god‐like power.

1380
01:23:27,107 --> 01:23:30,744
♪ ♪

1381
01:23:30,777 --> 01:23:32,713
‐ This was [indistinct].

1382
01:23:32,746 --> 01:23:35,549
[actors hooting]

1383
01:23:35,582 --> 01:23:37,784
‐ Can the actors go on?

1384
01:23:37,818 --> 01:23:41,154
It's dramatic.

1385
01:23:41,187 --> 01:23:44,290
Nobody knows,

1386
01:23:44,324 --> 01:23:48,394
until the very end,

1387
01:23:48,428 --> 01:23:51,397
what was gonna happen.

1388
01:23:51,431 --> 01:23:54,167
‐ In our horrible situation,

1389
01:23:54,200 --> 01:23:57,270
we've been deprived
of these basic needs.

1390
01:23:57,303 --> 01:24:00,440
‐ A horrible situation!

1391
01:24:00,473 --> 01:24:05,178
‐ It was an experiment
to humans in a way.

1392
01:24:05,211 --> 01:24:07,614
‐ Eight people
in the Biosphere.

1393
01:24:07,648 --> 01:24:11,451
Eight supple arms have I,
one for each and eight for all,

1394
01:24:11,484 --> 01:24:14,655
as one by one they die.

1395
01:24:19,826 --> 01:24:22,796
[spacey music]

1396
01:24:22,829 --> 01:24:29,736
♪ ♪

1397
01:24:44,585 --> 01:24:46,820
‐ There were many times
I would get calls

1398
01:24:46,853 --> 01:24:50,256
from reporters,
saying "Is it true that..."

1399
01:24:50,290 --> 01:24:53,126
and I would say, "I don't
think so, but I'll check,

1400
01:24:53,159 --> 01:24:59,132
and get back to you,"
and lo and behold, it was true.

1401
01:24:59,165 --> 01:25:01,902
[foreboding music]

1402
01:25:01,935 --> 01:25:08,509
♪ ♪

1403
01:25:08,542 --> 01:25:11,812
‐ Eyewitness News has learned
there is a potential problem

1404
01:25:11,845 --> 01:25:13,914
at the Biosphere near Oracle.

1405
01:25:13,947 --> 01:25:16,783
Hours before that
huge experiment was sealed,

1406
01:25:16,817 --> 01:25:20,453
Biosphere officials secretly
installed a CO2 scrubber,

1407
01:25:20,486 --> 01:25:22,789
a mechanical device
to remove CO2

1408
01:25:22,823 --> 01:25:25,458
from the atmosphere
inside Biosphere.

1409
01:25:25,491 --> 01:25:27,227
‐ One of the top scientists
resigned

1410
01:25:27,260 --> 01:25:29,162
over that added technology.

1411
01:25:29,195 --> 01:25:30,330
He and some others charge

1412
01:25:30,363 --> 01:25:33,499
<i>it flies in the face</i>
<i>of the original concept.</i>

1413
01:25:33,534 --> 01:25:37,738
‐ A CO2 scrubber that was
not divulged to the media

1414
01:25:37,771 --> 01:25:38,805
and the rest of the world

1415
01:25:38,839 --> 01:25:40,541
would seem to me to say

1416
01:25:40,574 --> 01:25:43,744
that they've changed the rules.

1417
01:25:43,777 --> 01:25:47,614
‐ There was so much to‐do made
about inconsequential things,

1418
01:25:47,648 --> 01:25:50,316
like the famous
carbon scrubber.

1419
01:25:50,350 --> 01:25:55,288
That could only take out
a limited amount of CO2.

1420
01:25:55,321 --> 01:26:00,426
It wasn't gonna save us,
and we used that sparingly.

1421
01:26:00,460 --> 01:26:02,428
But we needed to be

1422
01:26:02,462 --> 01:26:05,699
much more transparent
with the outside world.

1423
01:26:05,732 --> 01:26:09,736
‐ Biosphere 2 is billed as
a search for scientific truth,

1424
01:26:09,770 --> 01:26:11,838
but the principals behind it

1425
01:26:11,872 --> 01:26:14,775
seem to spend an awful lot
of their time stonewalling.

1426
01:26:14,808 --> 01:26:16,577
‐ Biosphere officials
turned down

1427
01:26:16,610 --> 01:26:18,344
our request for interviews.

1428
01:26:18,378 --> 01:26:20,246
We didn't have any better luck
when we caught up

1429
01:26:20,280 --> 01:26:22,616
with one of those officials,
John Allen,

1430
01:26:22,649 --> 01:26:24,918
and an aide, at a scientific
conference in Alabama.

1431
01:26:26,386 --> 01:26:29,890
‐ Can you not
answer our questions?

1432
01:26:29,923 --> 01:26:32,258
‐ Mister, sir, you've gotten‐‐
you've gotten the answer.

1433
01:26:38,264 --> 01:26:40,500
‐ I was
tremendously frustrated

1434
01:26:40,534 --> 01:26:42,402
by the criticisms

1435
01:26:42,435 --> 01:26:46,339
and misunderstandings
of Biosphere 2.

1436
01:26:46,372 --> 01:26:47,808
Everybody focused

1437
01:26:47,841 --> 01:26:49,710
on the carbon dioxide
scrubber.

1438
01:26:49,743 --> 01:26:51,612
[eerie music]

1439
01:26:51,645 --> 01:26:54,748
People did not understand
the point.

1440
01:26:54,781 --> 01:26:59,352
♪ ♪

1441
01:26:59,385 --> 01:27:02,589
We were people who recognized
that climate change

1442
01:27:02,623 --> 01:27:07,661
is a threat,

1443
01:27:07,694 --> 01:27:11,431
trying to develop a means
to counteract that threat.

1444
01:27:11,464 --> 01:27:14,968
♪ ♪

1445
01:27:15,001 --> 01:27:19,640
Biosphere 2 brings you
a visceral sense

1446
01:27:19,673 --> 01:27:21,842
of how delicate everything is.

1447
01:27:21,875 --> 01:27:28,615
♪ ♪

1448
01:27:28,649 --> 01:27:31,918
‐ We were all tense.
The project wasn't going right.

1449
01:27:31,952 --> 01:27:38,692
Things were falling apart.
People were losing control.

1450
01:27:38,725 --> 01:27:42,395
Of course, when people feel
like they're losing control,

1451
01:27:42,428 --> 01:27:46,066
bad things happen
in all kinds of directions.

1452
01:27:46,099 --> 01:27:49,069
[dramatic music]

1453
01:27:49,102 --> 01:27:56,042
♪ ♪

1454
01:28:27,574 --> 01:28:30,511
[overlapping reporting]

1455
01:28:30,544 --> 01:28:37,450
♪ ♪

1456
01:28:42,556 --> 01:28:46,660
[helicopter whirring]

1457
01:28:46,693 --> 01:28:53,634
♪ ♪

1458
01:29:00,874 --> 01:29:03,810
[somber music]

1459
01:29:03,844 --> 01:29:10,784
♪ ♪

1460
01:29:13,119 --> 01:29:15,622
‐ Thanks to the people
that have volunteered

1461
01:29:15,656 --> 01:29:19,492
tremendous time and effort
into this committee

1462
01:29:19,526 --> 01:29:26,466
to give advice on scientific
matters to Biosphere 2.

1463
01:29:26,499 --> 01:29:27,801
‐ The science
advisory committee

1464
01:29:27,834 --> 01:29:29,870
was established,
funded scientists

1465
01:29:29,903 --> 01:29:32,806
from major institutions

1466
01:29:32,839 --> 01:29:34,474
that could give the project

1467
01:29:34,508 --> 01:29:38,612
the scientific credibility
it was losing.

1468
01:29:38,645 --> 01:29:41,782
‐ Some other people started
to be involved, to come in,

1469
01:29:41,815 --> 01:29:42,983
and I think

1470
01:29:43,016 --> 01:29:47,854
<i>there was some conflicts</i>
<i>going on in that arena.</i>

1471
01:29:47,888 --> 01:29:49,455
‐ I can tell‐‐
wait a minute, this is‐‐

1472
01:29:49,489 --> 01:29:51,024
‐ [indistinct]
‐ Let me finish, please.

1473
01:29:51,057 --> 01:29:53,894
Please, let me finish.

1474
01:29:53,927 --> 01:29:55,629
‐ The scientific committee‐‐

1475
01:29:55,662 --> 01:29:58,131
they certainly would've
been happy to take over

1476
01:29:58,164 --> 01:29:59,866
and use Mr. Bass's money

1477
01:29:59,900 --> 01:30:03,036
to do a very different version
of Biosphere.

1478
01:30:03,069 --> 01:30:05,038
‐ One of the interesting things
we're going to do,

1479
01:30:05,071 --> 01:30:07,874
I want to do next,
is to look at the light.

1480
01:30:07,908 --> 01:30:11,512
‐ And clearly, John was upset.

1481
01:30:11,545 --> 01:30:13,479
He thought
he was losing control.

1482
01:30:13,514 --> 01:30:15,749
♪ ♪

1483
01:30:15,782 --> 01:30:17,851
‐ I'm still very concerned
about a matter of‐‐

1484
01:30:17,884 --> 01:30:19,720
‐ What did you just say?

1485
01:30:19,753 --> 01:30:22,488
‐ I'm saying we're gonna
vet it.

1486
01:30:22,523 --> 01:30:25,859
‐ John called me in,
then he said

1487
01:30:25,892 --> 01:30:29,129
the establishment
is trying to take over,

1488
01:30:29,162 --> 01:30:32,065
and that Ed Bass
had turned on him.

1489
01:30:32,098 --> 01:30:35,035
And I thought, wait a minute,
John has turned on Ed,

1490
01:30:35,068 --> 01:30:37,070
it sounded like.

1491
01:30:38,504 --> 01:30:40,240
That set off alarms, to me.

1492
01:30:40,273 --> 01:30:42,876
♪ ♪

1493
01:30:42,909 --> 01:30:44,911
I felt like I had
to say something

1494
01:30:44,945 --> 01:30:47,681
to the scientific
advisory committee.

1495
01:30:47,714 --> 01:30:50,717
♪ ♪

1496
01:30:50,751 --> 01:30:53,053
‐ We were totally upset
about Tony doing this

1497
01:30:53,086 --> 01:30:55,689
in such an underhanded way.

1498
01:30:55,722 --> 01:30:58,158
It was pretty much
gossip‐mongering.

1499
01:30:58,191 --> 01:31:01,261
We asked Tony to come
and face us all

1500
01:31:01,294 --> 01:31:03,263
on a video uplink,

1501
01:31:03,296 --> 01:31:07,568
and tell us what he had said
to the advisory committee.

1502
01:31:07,601 --> 01:31:10,771
‐ I think what, the problem
I saw was that John Allen

1503
01:31:10,804 --> 01:31:15,842
was having what looked
like paranoid delusions,

1504
01:31:15,876 --> 01:31:17,043
and it frightened me.

1505
01:31:17,077 --> 01:31:18,945
‐ For you to take
this kind of agenda

1506
01:31:18,979 --> 01:31:21,882
to that committee
really burns me,

1507
01:31:21,915 --> 01:31:25,786
because to my mind, they have
heard too much of this shit.

1508
01:31:25,819 --> 01:31:28,655
‐ I was really angry
with Tony.

1509
01:31:28,689 --> 01:31:30,891
It was crazy to me.

1510
01:31:30,924 --> 01:31:35,729
Biosphere 2 was a genius
of Johnny as a leader.

1511
01:31:35,762 --> 01:31:37,798
‐ I'm sensitive
to this situation,

1512
01:31:37,831 --> 01:31:41,167
because I am the product
of a dysfunctional family.

1513
01:31:41,201 --> 01:31:44,204
What I see going on here
is abusive parents,

1514
01:31:44,237 --> 01:31:47,207
and you eight almost trapped
in there like children.

1515
01:31:47,240 --> 01:31:48,942
‐ I'm just really
quite pissed off,

1516
01:31:48,975 --> 01:31:51,545
because there's no way
you can really respond

1517
01:31:51,578 --> 01:31:55,181
to personality
conflict power projections,

1518
01:31:55,215 --> 01:31:57,918
or even as you're going on,
you know,

1519
01:31:57,951 --> 01:32:00,687
abusive parent projections.

1520
01:32:00,721 --> 01:32:03,624
‐ Some of them were
really angry.

1521
01:32:03,657 --> 01:32:05,859
It was a good thing they were
inside and I was outside.

1522
01:32:05,892 --> 01:32:09,329
‐ Tony, if you talk
about what John Allen said,

1523
01:32:09,362 --> 01:32:13,133
then I would John Allen
to be part of the meeting.

1524
01:32:13,166 --> 01:32:16,002
‐ Then they took me
to see John Allen.

1525
01:32:16,036 --> 01:32:19,072
♪ ♪

1526
01:32:19,105 --> 01:32:20,841
That one, I remember.

1527
01:32:20,874 --> 01:32:25,178
John looks at me, and he says,

1528
01:32:25,211 --> 01:32:27,080
"In Dante's 'Inferno,'

1529
01:32:27,113 --> 01:32:31,051
"betrayal is the sin
that puts people

1530
01:32:31,084 --> 01:32:33,286
at the deepest level of hell."

1531
01:32:33,319 --> 01:32:39,025
♪ ♪

1532
01:32:39,059 --> 01:32:42,295
He got up,

1533
01:32:42,328 --> 01:32:47,033
walked around
the desk,

1534
01:32:47,067 --> 01:32:49,169
and hugged me.

1535
01:32:49,202 --> 01:32:53,874
And I hugged him.
And he said, "Never again."

1536
01:32:53,907 --> 01:32:57,210
And I looked him in the eye,
and I said, "Never again."

1537
01:33:01,281 --> 01:33:03,349
[warm orchestral music]

1538
01:33:03,383 --> 01:33:10,323
♪ ♪

1539
01:33:23,804 --> 01:33:28,675
‐ As I look at Biosphere 2,
and I'm ready to enter,

1540
01:33:28,709 --> 01:33:31,144
I take my last breaths
of this atmosphere,

1541
01:33:31,177 --> 01:33:33,980
knowing that I will
take breaths

1542
01:33:34,014 --> 01:33:37,150
from a different atmosphere
from all of you for two years.

1543
01:33:37,183 --> 01:33:39,185
‐ Not exactly.

1544
01:33:39,219 --> 01:33:42,689
Biospherians are once again
breathing our air.

1545
01:33:42,723 --> 01:33:44,858
It's being pumped inside.

1546
01:33:44,891 --> 01:33:48,028
About 10% of Biosphere's
total atmosphere.

1547
01:33:48,061 --> 01:33:50,296
♪ ♪

1548
01:33:50,330 --> 01:33:53,066
From the beginning,
Biosphere 2 was billed

1549
01:33:53,099 --> 01:33:56,703
as a totally contained,
virtually sealed experiment.

1550
01:33:56,737 --> 01:34:00,373
Pumping air inside?
What now?

1551
01:34:00,406 --> 01:34:07,714
♪ ♪

1552
01:34:07,748 --> 01:34:11,317
‐ If the management had handled
things differently,

1553
01:34:11,351 --> 01:34:14,154
the result
would've been different.

1554
01:34:14,187 --> 01:34:17,423
I actually don't blame
the press.

1555
01:34:17,457 --> 01:34:20,961
Margaret and John
promised too much.

1556
01:34:20,994 --> 01:34:23,229
‐ Theirs was to have been
a self‐sustaining

1557
01:34:23,263 --> 01:34:27,033
three‐acre world,
a model for colonizing space,

1558
01:34:27,067 --> 01:34:30,470
but crops failed.
Fresh air was pumped in.

1559
01:34:30,503 --> 01:34:32,305
‐ Critics say these violations

1560
01:34:32,338 --> 01:34:34,975
have invalidated
the experiment.

1561
01:34:35,008 --> 01:34:37,978
‐ It's self‐contained,
but it's not self‐sustaining,

1562
01:34:38,011 --> 01:34:41,081
and so the Biosphere, as it
was touted, is a total failure.

1563
01:34:41,114 --> 01:34:44,951
♪ ♪

1564
01:34:44,985 --> 01:34:49,723
‐ The day they pumped oxygen,
people went down

1565
01:34:49,756 --> 01:34:53,259
to kind of, like, get a sniff
of the pure oxygen coming in.

1566
01:34:53,293 --> 01:34:55,929
‐ In ten minutes,
in ten seconds, maybe,

1567
01:34:55,962 --> 01:34:59,332
I felt decades younger,
full of energy.

1568
01:34:59,365 --> 01:35:00,801
‐ Once this oxygen came in,

1569
01:35:00,834 --> 01:35:03,303
it was like this huge cloud
had lifted.

1570
01:35:03,336 --> 01:35:04,838
‐ The first thing
that happened,

1571
01:35:04,871 --> 01:35:06,372
spontaneously, is most of us

1572
01:35:06,406 --> 01:35:09,009
started running around
the lung and laughing.

1573
01:35:09,042 --> 01:35:11,311
And I realized,
I hadn't heard the sound

1574
01:35:11,344 --> 01:35:13,313
of running feet
in months and months.

1575
01:35:13,346 --> 01:35:15,782
["Right Here Right Now"
by Jesus Jones playing]

1576
01:35:15,816 --> 01:35:18,952
‐ The negativity
just kind of dissipated.

1577
01:35:18,985 --> 01:35:24,490
‐ ♪ A woman on the radio
talks about revolution ♪

1578
01:35:24,525 --> 01:35:27,393
♪ When it's
already passed her by ♪

1579
01:35:27,427 --> 01:35:30,964
♪ Bob Dylan didn't have
this to sing about ♪

1580
01:35:30,997 --> 01:35:36,102
♪ You know it feels good
to be alive ♪

1581
01:35:36,136 --> 01:35:40,373
♪ I was alive,
and I waited, waited ♪

1582
01:35:40,406 --> 01:35:45,045
♪ I was alive
and I waited for this ♪

1583
01:35:45,078 --> 01:35:48,014
♪ Right here, right now ♪

1584
01:35:48,048 --> 01:35:52,118
♪ There is no other place
I want to be ♪

1585
01:35:52,152 --> 01:35:54,187
♪ ♪

1586
01:35:54,220 --> 01:35:56,923
♪ Right here, right now ♪

1587
01:35:56,957 --> 01:36:00,493
♪ Watching the world
wake up ♪

1588
01:36:00,527 --> 01:36:05,932
‐ I felt part of that living
entity that was Biosphere 2.

1589
01:36:05,966 --> 01:36:09,335
My agriculture system
was just becoming really good.

1590
01:36:09,369 --> 01:36:12,338
You know, it was maturing,
things were working well,

1591
01:36:12,372 --> 01:36:17,511
and I wanted to see
what was gonna happen next.

1592
01:36:17,544 --> 01:36:19,880
‐ Joe, as we said,
Sunday's the big day.

1593
01:36:19,913 --> 01:36:21,515
The eight men and eight women
who've been locked

1594
01:36:21,548 --> 01:36:23,517
inside this Biosphere
will be coming out.

1595
01:36:23,550 --> 01:36:25,852
‐ Today, workers were
scrubbing windows

1596
01:36:25,886 --> 01:36:29,590
and building a big stage,
all in preparation for Sunday.

1597
01:36:29,623 --> 01:36:32,993
That's when the Biospherians
exit this greenhouse,

1598
01:36:33,026 --> 01:36:35,862
exactly two years
after they went in.

1599
01:36:35,896 --> 01:36:38,865
[gentle music]

1600
01:36:38,899 --> 01:36:44,204
♪ ♪

1601
01:36:44,237 --> 01:36:46,472
‐ What is it gonna feel like

1602
01:36:46,507 --> 01:36:49,442
after being two years
in this world,

1603
01:36:49,475 --> 01:36:51,945
to suddenly step out
into the other one?

1604
01:36:51,978 --> 01:36:54,214
‐ I didn't want to come out.

1605
01:36:54,247 --> 01:36:58,885
I did not want to come out.
I was volunteering to stay in.

1606
01:36:58,919 --> 01:37:01,622
‐ So, it was amazing
that from a dream

1607
01:37:01,655 --> 01:37:03,857
and an adobe spaceship,

1608
01:37:03,890 --> 01:37:08,061
that this gleaming marvel
had appeared in the desert.

1609
01:37:08,094 --> 01:37:11,431
I had the adventure of my life.

1610
01:37:11,464 --> 01:37:14,434
‐ So, I'd look at the trees
that we planted from seed,

1611
01:37:14,467 --> 01:37:17,103
and I just love it.
Uh, it‐‐my heart is there.

1612
01:37:17,137 --> 01:37:18,338
It's really there.

1613
01:37:18,371 --> 01:37:19,239
It probably
will always be there.

1614
01:37:19,272 --> 01:37:26,212
♪ ♪

1615
01:37:30,951 --> 01:37:35,088
‐ On the re‐entry day, we were
all inside the Biosphere,

1616
01:37:35,121 --> 01:37:37,257
waiting and waiting,

1617
01:37:37,290 --> 01:37:40,260
waiting for Jane Goodall
to finish her speech.

1618
01:37:40,293 --> 01:37:42,929
‐ When I began in 1960,

1619
01:37:42,963 --> 01:37:45,932
in the Gombe National Park
in Tanzania,

1620
01:37:45,966 --> 01:37:48,969
my mentor, Louis Leakey,
was told he was crazy.

1621
01:37:49,002 --> 01:37:52,072
He was told
the mission would fail.

1622
01:37:52,105 --> 01:37:53,640
And I think there were
many people,

1623
01:37:53,674 --> 01:37:56,309
when the Biosphere
was first planned,

1624
01:37:56,342 --> 01:38:00,280
who predicted that this mission
also would fail.

1625
01:38:01,014 --> 01:38:04,150
And I think one of the things
we're here for today

1626
01:38:04,184 --> 01:38:10,323
is to pay tribute to
the imagination and the vision

1627
01:38:10,356 --> 01:38:13,326
and the determination
of the team of people

1628
01:38:13,359 --> 01:38:16,362
who have made
this extraordinary project

1629
01:38:16,396 --> 01:38:18,532
a reality.

1630
01:38:18,565 --> 01:38:23,336
‐ Now, I love Jane Goodall,
so we could all tolerate

1631
01:38:23,369 --> 01:38:26,039
the fact that she made us
stay inside the Biosphere

1632
01:38:26,072 --> 01:38:27,674
probably an extra 20 minutes.

1633
01:38:27,708 --> 01:38:30,711
[fanfare]

1634
01:38:30,744 --> 01:38:37,684
♪ ♪

1635
01:38:42,255 --> 01:38:45,191
[cheers and applause]

1636
01:38:45,225 --> 01:38:50,496
♪ ♪

1637
01:38:52,498 --> 01:38:54,334
‐ To live in a small world

1638
01:38:54,367 --> 01:38:56,369
and be conscious
of its controls,

1639
01:38:56,402 --> 01:39:00,006
of its beauty,
its fragility, of its bounty,

1640
01:39:00,040 --> 01:39:03,309
and its limits,
changes who you are.

1641
01:39:03,343 --> 01:39:06,279
[spacey music]

1642
01:39:06,312 --> 01:39:08,214
♪ ♪

1643
01:39:08,248 --> 01:39:10,183
‐ When you're out
in what seems to be

1644
01:39:10,216 --> 01:39:12,285
almost this infinite
biosphere,

1645
01:39:12,318 --> 01:39:16,089
so big, so large,
so tall,

1646
01:39:16,122 --> 01:39:19,492
it's kind of easy to think
that your actions don't count,

1647
01:39:19,526 --> 01:39:21,027
but they do count.

1648
01:39:21,061 --> 01:39:26,166
♪ ♪

1649
01:39:26,199 --> 01:39:28,669
‐ Today, researchers toured
the inside of the facility,

1650
01:39:28,702 --> 01:39:32,005
measuring every living plant
and examining every animal.

1651
01:39:32,038 --> 01:39:33,607
‐ Some things have grown,
some things have died,

1652
01:39:33,640 --> 01:39:35,776
and some things have prospered.

1653
01:39:35,809 --> 01:39:37,744
‐ Did it go as expected?

1654
01:39:37,778 --> 01:39:39,479
‐ No, and that was
why we did it.

1655
01:39:39,513 --> 01:39:41,214
We didn't know what to expect.

1656
01:39:41,247 --> 01:39:44,284
‐ I was back in the saddle,
being the consultant

1657
01:39:44,317 --> 01:39:47,320
for the next mission.
I was given trust again,

1658
01:39:47,353 --> 01:39:48,689
so they were true
to their word.

1659
01:39:48,722 --> 01:39:51,091
I said never again.

1660
01:39:51,124 --> 01:39:54,494
They continued to pay me
to collect data

1661
01:39:54,528 --> 01:39:57,030
that we thought was going
to be the foundation

1662
01:39:57,063 --> 01:39:59,766
of this new discipline
of biospherics.

1663
01:40:01,568 --> 01:40:06,472
So I was completely involved,
all the way until that day

1664
01:40:06,507 --> 01:40:08,775
when the marshals showed up
with Steve Bannon.

1665
01:40:12,178 --> 01:40:15,148
[uneasy music]

1666
01:40:15,181 --> 01:40:22,122
♪ ♪

1667
01:40:30,163 --> 01:40:31,765
‐ The management team
of Biosphere 2

1668
01:40:31,798 --> 01:40:34,735
has been locked out
of its offices and jobs.

1669
01:40:34,768 --> 01:40:37,838
‐ Texas billionaire Ed Bass,
who bankrolled the Biosphere,

1670
01:40:37,871 --> 01:40:39,039
has obtained a court order

1671
01:40:39,072 --> 01:40:42,442
<i>ousting six managing officers</i>
<i>of the project.</i>

1672
01:40:42,475 --> 01:40:44,845
Among those booted out:
Margaret Augustine,

1673
01:40:44,878 --> 01:40:46,713
the company's
chief executive officer,

1674
01:40:46,747 --> 01:40:49,215
and vice president John Allen.

1675
01:40:49,249 --> 01:40:55,121
‐ After some...
intense meetings...

1676
01:40:55,155 --> 01:41:01,695
♪ ♪

1677
01:41:01,728 --> 01:41:07,100
It was decided that the
relationship should...end

1678
01:41:07,133 --> 01:41:12,138
as it‐‐as it had been.
It was very difficult.

1679
01:41:12,172 --> 01:41:13,707
♪ ♪

1680
01:41:32,593 --> 01:41:33,760
♪ ♪

1681
01:41:37,263 --> 01:41:41,535
‐ Ed was under pressure
to stop the bad press

1682
01:41:41,568 --> 01:41:45,606
and to make Biosphere 2 more
conventional and profitable.

1683
01:41:47,808 --> 01:41:51,512
He brought in bankers
and Wall Street types

1684
01:41:51,545 --> 01:41:56,349
who really were focused
on short‐term profit and loss.

1685
01:41:56,382 --> 01:41:58,885
‐ John Polk Allen
sent a letter to Ed Bass,

1686
01:41:58,919 --> 01:42:00,521
the project's
financial backer,

1687
01:42:00,554 --> 01:42:03,223
because he's afraid
the focus of the project

1688
01:42:03,256 --> 01:42:05,225
is changing
from scientific research

1689
01:42:05,258 --> 01:42:07,193
to making money.

1690
01:42:07,227 --> 01:42:10,396
♪ ♪

1691
01:42:10,430 --> 01:42:15,902
‐ Steve Bannon came out
of Goldman Sachs,

1692
01:42:15,936 --> 01:42:19,239
and Ed made Bannon CEO.

1693
01:42:19,272 --> 01:42:21,508
♪ ♪

1694
01:42:21,542 --> 01:42:24,511
‐ Most of
the incredibly important data

1695
01:42:24,545 --> 01:42:26,279
from Biosphere 2

1696
01:42:26,312 --> 01:42:30,416
was destroyed
or locked up somewhere.

1697
01:42:30,450 --> 01:42:32,686
It is a scientific crime.

1698
01:42:32,719 --> 01:42:39,526
♪ ♪

1699
01:42:39,560 --> 01:42:41,862
‐ Why?
Why?

1700
01:42:41,895 --> 01:42:43,296
Why were they doing this?

1701
01:42:43,329 --> 01:42:46,633
What was this all about?

1702
01:42:46,667 --> 01:42:48,535
I was very dubious

1703
01:42:48,569 --> 01:42:52,939
whether or not
what was happening was legal.

1704
01:42:52,973 --> 01:42:57,210
I continued to work
under Steve Bannon.

1705
01:42:57,243 --> 01:42:59,212
I figured that it was
very important

1706
01:42:59,245 --> 01:43:01,648
to capture what was going on.

1707
01:43:01,682 --> 01:43:03,550
♪ ♪

1708
01:43:03,584 --> 01:43:06,486
I put the tape recorder
in my underwear

1709
01:43:06,520 --> 01:43:09,389
because I was concerned that
somebody would try to find it.

1710
01:43:40,754 --> 01:43:42,889
♪ ♪

1711
01:43:42,923 --> 01:43:46,392
‐ The power of this place
is allowing those scientists

1712
01:43:46,426 --> 01:43:49,563
who are really involved
in the study of global change‐‐

1713
01:43:49,596 --> 01:43:52,298
this actually allows them
to study and monitor

1714
01:43:52,332 --> 01:43:56,737
the impact of enhanced CO2
and other greenhouse gases

1715
01:43:56,770 --> 01:44:00,440
on humans,
plants, and in animals.

1716
01:44:00,473 --> 01:44:02,776
‐ The focus was really one
of space travel.

1717
01:44:02,809 --> 01:44:04,678
We refocused it
to the study of the Earth.

1718
01:44:04,711 --> 01:44:06,880
[melancholy piano music]

1719
01:44:06,913 --> 01:44:08,815
♪ ♪

1720
01:44:08,849 --> 01:44:12,719
‐ If Bannon has denied
climate change,

1721
01:44:12,753 --> 01:44:15,756
it is not because
he is not smart enough

1722
01:44:15,789 --> 01:44:19,693
to see that
there is climate change.

1723
01:44:19,726 --> 01:44:21,662
He's doing it
for another reason.

1724
01:44:21,695 --> 01:44:25,799
♪ ♪

1725
01:44:25,832 --> 01:44:28,802
It's particularly excruciating

1726
01:44:28,835 --> 01:44:30,937
because I know
how smart he is.

1727
01:44:30,971 --> 01:44:35,676
♪ ♪

1728
01:44:35,709 --> 01:44:37,944
‐ The takeover of Biosphere 2

1729
01:44:37,978 --> 01:44:41,615
is what's happening
in the world now.

1730
01:44:41,648 --> 01:44:44,350
Wall Street banker types,

1731
01:44:44,384 --> 01:44:48,955
the people just interested
in short‐term profit and loss,

1732
01:44:48,989 --> 01:44:52,559
push out the innovators
and destroy the world.

1733
01:44:52,593 --> 01:44:59,533
♪ ♪

1734
01:45:03,103 --> 01:45:05,038
‐ Not to be able to go back

1735
01:45:05,071 --> 01:45:07,373
to something
of that magnitude,

1736
01:45:07,407 --> 01:45:09,943
that's the culmination
of your life's work,

1737
01:45:09,976 --> 01:45:13,379
was excruciating.

1738
01:45:13,413 --> 01:45:19,452
♪ ♪

1739
01:45:19,485 --> 01:45:23,690
I don't want to go there.

1740
01:45:23,724 --> 01:45:27,360
I don't want to talk about it.

1741
01:45:27,393 --> 01:45:31,064
Yeah.

1742
01:45:31,097 --> 01:45:32,766
Excuse me.

1743
01:45:49,482 --> 01:45:52,452
[mournful music]

1744
01:45:52,485 --> 01:45:59,425
♪ ♪

1745
01:46:18,044 --> 01:46:22,749
‐ I'm still moving on
from that.

1746
01:46:22,783 --> 01:46:24,785
I'm still moving on.

1747
01:46:24,818 --> 01:46:31,525
♪ ♪

1748
01:46:32,659 --> 01:46:35,696
We're always looking
for that place, the‐‐

1749
01:46:35,729 --> 01:46:38,765
you know, that was special.

1750
01:46:38,799 --> 01:46:40,867
Nobody else could see
what it could be.

1751
01:46:40,901 --> 01:46:43,870
♪ ♪

1752
01:46:43,904 --> 01:46:46,139
We had more in mind to do.

1753
01:46:46,172 --> 01:46:50,911
♪ ♪

1754
01:46:50,944 --> 01:46:55,916
‐ Those moments
of all possibilities

1755
01:46:55,949 --> 01:47:01,588
last a very short period
of time.

1756
01:47:01,622 --> 01:47:03,156
That's why you act.

1757
01:47:03,189 --> 01:47:10,096
♪ ♪

1758
01:47:18,605 --> 01:47:23,176
‐ Biosphere 2,
is it a cautionary tale?

1759
01:47:23,209 --> 01:47:25,045
We don't need
a cautionary tale anymore,

1760
01:47:25,078 --> 01:47:27,213
because all of the rampant,

1761
01:47:27,247 --> 01:47:29,583
you know, destruction
and death

1762
01:47:29,616 --> 01:47:33,887
is already happening.

1763
01:47:33,920 --> 01:47:35,822
I think it's important for me

1764
01:47:35,856 --> 01:47:40,060
to work on the scale
that I work on now,

1765
01:47:40,093 --> 01:47:41,762
working with people
in my community

1766
01:47:41,795 --> 01:47:43,229
to see what we can do.

1767
01:47:43,263 --> 01:47:46,066
♪ ♪

1768
01:47:46,099 --> 01:47:50,537
Sometimes beautiful,
beautiful things happen

1769
01:47:50,571 --> 01:47:54,274
when people
bring their minds together

1770
01:47:54,307 --> 01:47:58,111
towards a common goal.

1771
01:47:58,144 --> 01:48:00,547
You can't do it all
by yourself.

1772
01:48:00,581 --> 01:48:07,521
♪ ♪

1773
01:48:38,985 --> 01:48:42,122
‐ I live at the ranch
with quite a few of the people

1774
01:48:42,155 --> 01:48:44,057
that were there
at the beginning.

1775
01:48:44,090 --> 01:48:46,226
♪ ♪

1776
01:48:46,259 --> 01:48:48,061
‐ And then cutting down...

1777
01:48:48,094 --> 01:48:49,462
‐ We're still managing
the property

1778
01:48:49,495 --> 01:48:54,167
<i>in the Australian outback,</i>
<i>and the art gallery in London,</i>

1779
01:48:54,200 --> 01:48:57,270
and the rain forest
in Puerto Rico,

1780
01:48:57,303 --> 01:48:59,673
and we're rebuilding
the "Heraclitus."

1781
01:48:59,706 --> 01:49:03,176
♪ ♪

1782
01:49:03,209 --> 01:49:05,679
We're a very
high‐functioning family

1783
01:49:05,712 --> 01:49:09,349
that works through issues
and keeps going

1784
01:49:09,382 --> 01:49:12,953
for 50 years.

1785
01:49:12,986 --> 01:49:16,790
[group talking indistinctly]

1786
01:49:16,823 --> 01:49:18,358
‐ That was because of you.

1787
01:49:18,391 --> 01:49:20,293
‐ That was because of you?
‐ Because I‐I‐‐

1788
01:49:20,326 --> 01:49:21,995
‐ These Americans

1789
01:49:22,028 --> 01:49:25,666
with their 200%
American accents.

1790
01:49:25,699 --> 01:49:30,103
‐ If you can sustain
a group like this,

1791
01:49:30,136 --> 01:49:33,073
it can get you
through a lot of challenges.

1792
01:49:33,106 --> 01:49:36,342
‐ Yes.
Oh.

1793
01:49:36,376 --> 01:49:38,378
‐ You keep going.

1794
01:49:38,411 --> 01:49:42,082
You go till you go,
till you can't go.

1795
01:49:42,115 --> 01:49:49,055
♪ ♪

1796
01:50:01,301 --> 01:50:04,204
[pensive orchestral music]

1797
01:50:04,237 --> 01:50:11,177
♪ ♪