1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:02,000
(VARIOUS ANIMAL CALLS)

2
00:00:06,200 --> 00:00:08,960
DAVID ATTENBOROUGH:
Forests at first sight

3
00:00:09,080 --> 00:00:12,040
may seem quiet and tranquil.

4
00:00:13,600 --> 00:00:15,680
(SOFT PATTERING)

5
00:00:19,720 --> 00:00:23,320
But today we can explore them
in new ways...

6
00:00:26,440 --> 00:00:28,600
...and from a new perspective.

7
00:00:30,960 --> 00:00:32,480
And, in fact,

8
00:00:32,600 --> 00:00:35,440
they're full
of unexpected connections,

9
00:00:35,560 --> 00:00:37,320
relationships

10
00:00:37,440 --> 00:00:40,480
and even secret messages.

11
00:00:53,000 --> 00:00:55,680
Only now are we discovering

12
00:00:55,800 --> 00:00:58,960
how strange and complex

13
00:00:59,080 --> 00:01:01,520
forests actually are.

14
00:01:20,960 --> 00:01:23,960
The rainforest of Borneo.

15
00:01:28,960 --> 00:01:31,880
A pair
of oriental pied hornbills

16
00:01:32,000 --> 00:01:34,000
are renewing their partnership.

17
00:01:39,760 --> 00:01:41,560
They mate for life.

18
00:01:50,800 --> 00:01:54,440
And this year's nesting season
is just starting.

19
00:01:55,960 --> 00:01:59,080
(BIRDS CALL)

20
00:02:02,040 --> 00:02:04,640
Before they face
the challenges ahead,

21
00:02:04,760 --> 00:02:06,800
they reaffirm their bond.

22
00:02:16,360 --> 00:02:20,040
And they do so
with an unusual ritual...

23
00:02:22,120 --> 00:02:24,280
...at the entrance
to a bat cave

24
00:02:24,400 --> 00:02:25,960
that they know well.

25
00:02:59,040 --> 00:03:01,760
This rather curious gift

26
00:03:01,880 --> 00:03:05,040
isn't normally on their menu.

27
00:03:07,600 --> 00:03:10,680
But it both
demonstrates devotion

28
00:03:10,800 --> 00:03:12,880
and reassures the female

29
00:03:13,000 --> 00:03:15,760
that her mate
will provide for her.

30
00:03:23,640 --> 00:03:26,720
In the coming weeks,
she will depend on him

31
00:03:26,840 --> 00:03:29,600
in the most extraordinary way.

32
00:03:38,440 --> 00:03:42,360
Nesting is a dangerous time
for any bird.

33
00:03:47,000 --> 00:03:48,920
The hole in this tree trunk

34
00:03:49,040 --> 00:03:51,960
will provide vital protection.

35
00:03:53,880 --> 00:03:55,640
Just what she wants.

36
00:04:00,600 --> 00:04:02,240
Once settled inside...

37
00:04:03,440 --> 00:04:06,680
...the female does something
truly bizarre.

38
00:04:09,280 --> 00:04:12,240
She pulls out
her flight feathers.

39
00:04:15,320 --> 00:04:18,120
She is not going to need them

40
00:04:18,240 --> 00:04:22,640
because she will be staying
in here for quite some time.

41
00:04:28,080 --> 00:04:30,600
It's not only a little cramped,

42
00:04:30,720 --> 00:04:34,320
it also lacks basic amenities.

43
00:04:42,760 --> 00:04:46,280
Now her partner brings her
a beakful of mud.

44
00:04:48,360 --> 00:04:52,080
And she begins
to seal herself in.

45
00:05:08,240 --> 00:05:10,680
She has turned the tree hole

46
00:05:10,800 --> 00:05:13,600
into a predator-proof fortress.

47
00:05:31,240 --> 00:05:33,360
But it's also...

48
00:05:33,480 --> 00:05:34,920
...a prison.

49
00:06:02,760 --> 00:06:06,120
Her partner, however,
is a regular visitor.

50
00:06:10,680 --> 00:06:12,120
For the next two months,

51
00:06:12,240 --> 00:06:15,400
he will deliver all her food

52
00:06:15,520 --> 00:06:17,640
directly to her door.

53
00:06:29,200 --> 00:06:31,120
But she can be fussy.

54
00:06:44,000 --> 00:06:47,200
He's going to have
his work cut out.

55
00:07:49,320 --> 00:07:50,680
Delicious.

56
00:07:53,720 --> 00:07:55,000
It may seem

57
00:07:55,120 --> 00:07:57,800
that he has been doing
all the work.

58
00:07:58,920 --> 00:08:01,760
But she, too,
has been fully occupied.

59
00:08:03,720 --> 00:08:05,640
The food he has brought

60
00:08:05,760 --> 00:08:09,000
has enabled her to produce
two precious eggs.

61
00:08:15,160 --> 00:08:18,360
She will keep them safe
for another six weeks

62
00:08:18,480 --> 00:08:21,480
until the young
have grown and fledged.

63
00:08:24,760 --> 00:08:27,240
And then, both she and they

64
00:08:27,360 --> 00:08:30,040
will break out
of their confinement.

65
00:08:45,240 --> 00:08:46,680
But until then...

66
00:08:47,760 --> 00:08:50,440
...this devoted couple

67
00:08:50,560 --> 00:08:53,040
are going to be
very busy indeed.

68
00:09:09,960 --> 00:09:13,040
The warmth and the moisture
of rainforests

69
00:09:13,160 --> 00:09:15,640
enables their inhabitants
to flourish

70
00:09:15,760 --> 00:09:18,200
in both numbers and variety.

71
00:09:23,760 --> 00:09:28,120
And here, in the Amazon,
live many strange species.

72
00:09:29,800 --> 00:09:32,640
(SOFT HOOTING)

73
00:09:36,680 --> 00:09:38,360
This is a treehopper.

74
00:09:40,560 --> 00:09:41,920
One of hundreds

75
00:09:42,040 --> 00:09:43,600
of different types
in this forest.

76
00:09:53,360 --> 00:09:56,040
They not only have
a bizarre appearance...

77
00:09:57,880 --> 00:09:59,400
...but they also communicate...

78
00:09:59,520 --> 00:10:01,480
(DEEP PURRING)

79
00:10:01,600 --> 00:10:03,240
...in a remarkable way, too.

80
00:10:04,280 --> 00:10:09,600
(CLICKING AND PURRING)

81
00:10:11,080 --> 00:10:13,920
Vibrating their bodies,
they send signals

82
00:10:14,040 --> 00:10:16,400
through the forest plants
they live on.

83
00:10:16,520 --> 00:10:19,560
(CLICKING AND PURRING)

84
00:10:28,760 --> 00:10:30,160
Most of these messages

85
00:10:30,280 --> 00:10:33,240
we can only hear by using
special microphones.

86
00:10:33,360 --> 00:10:36,720
(HIGH-PITCHED TONES
AND PURRING)

87
00:10:40,400 --> 00:10:45,440
Each treehopper species
has its own repertoire.

88
00:10:45,560 --> 00:10:47,880
(GENTLE HOOTING
AND DEEP RUMBLING)

89
00:10:48,000 --> 00:10:52,000
(HIGH-PITCHED BUZZING)

90
00:10:57,360 --> 00:10:59,120
And every sound...

91
00:10:59,240 --> 00:11:00,840
(DEEP THUDDING)

92
00:11:00,960 --> 00:11:03,880
...has its own
particular meaning...

93
00:11:06,840 --> 00:11:09,200
(HIGH-PITCHED WAILING)

94
00:11:09,320 --> 00:11:12,560
...whether it is
to attract a mate...

95
00:11:13,840 --> 00:11:16,800
...share information
about food...

96
00:11:16,920 --> 00:11:18,080
(WHOOPING)

97
00:11:19,560 --> 00:11:21,200
(RASPY CLICKING)

98
00:11:21,320 --> 00:11:24,960
...or warn each other
about the arrival of predators.

99
00:11:25,080 --> 00:11:27,080
(RASPY CLICKING)

100
00:11:33,000 --> 00:11:34,000
(PURRING)

101
00:11:35,920 --> 00:11:37,360
(PURRING)

102
00:11:40,360 --> 00:11:44,320
This treehopper mother
communicates with her young,

103
00:11:44,440 --> 00:11:46,880
encouraging them
to stay together

104
00:11:47,000 --> 00:11:49,720
so that she can protect them.

105
00:11:57,080 --> 00:11:59,800
For there are plenty here

106
00:11:59,920 --> 00:12:02,640
waiting to eat
young treehoppers.

107
00:12:06,400 --> 00:12:07,400
Ants.

108
00:12:08,600 --> 00:12:09,840
On the hunt.

109
00:12:26,400 --> 00:12:30,000
Treehoppers know
how to defend themselves.

110
00:12:34,400 --> 00:12:38,120
But not all threats
are so easily dealt with.

111
00:12:46,840 --> 00:12:49,080
An assassin bug.

112
00:12:51,760 --> 00:12:54,120
Armed with piercing mouthparts

113
00:12:54,240 --> 00:12:56,680
and sticky front legs...

114
00:13:03,280 --> 00:13:06,440
...capable of
literally sucking the life

115
00:13:06,560 --> 00:13:09,040
out of her entire brood.

116
00:13:09,160 --> 00:13:10,600
(PURRING AND CLICKING)

117
00:13:19,360 --> 00:13:23,240
She can try to block
the assassin's path.

118
00:13:24,760 --> 00:13:26,600
But she can't guard them all.

119
00:13:28,880 --> 00:13:33,400
She needs help
from friends in high places.

120
00:13:41,160 --> 00:13:42,480
Bees.

121
00:14:11,800 --> 00:14:13,280
They're very aggressive.

122
00:14:15,680 --> 00:14:19,080
This is more than
the assassin bug bargained for.

123
00:14:21,440 --> 00:14:23,480
Mission accomplished.

124
00:14:25,600 --> 00:14:27,280
Her brood are safe.

125
00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:33,480
The bees don't protect
the treehoppers for free.

126
00:14:34,960 --> 00:14:37,920
A little tickle
on a treehopper's back...

127
00:14:39,760 --> 00:14:42,680
...and they exude
a sugary liquid.

128
00:14:47,880 --> 00:14:49,320
Honeydew.

129
00:14:52,520 --> 00:14:55,080
A sweet reward
for protecting them.

130
00:15:07,520 --> 00:15:10,520
It's just one
of the countless ways

131
00:15:10,640 --> 00:15:14,200
in which forest species
work together.

132
00:15:33,480 --> 00:15:35,320
In the forests of India,

133
00:15:35,440 --> 00:15:40,040
you can hear a unique
and truly extraordinary sound.

134
00:15:40,160 --> 00:15:44,360
(WHISTLING)

135
00:15:49,640 --> 00:15:52,000
These are dholes.

136
00:15:54,320 --> 00:15:57,760
Wild dogs that Whistle.

137
00:16:02,560 --> 00:16:07,000
Like treehoppers, they, too,
communicate in secret.

138
00:16:07,120 --> 00:16:09,320
But for a different reason.

139
00:16:12,560 --> 00:16:15,000
(DEEP RUMBLING)

140
00:16:17,240 --> 00:16:21,200
Hunting in a dense teak forest
is difficult...

141
00:16:23,440 --> 00:16:28,400
...especially so if your prey
is three times your own size.

142
00:16:33,400 --> 00:16:37,200
The only way
for dholes to succeed

143
00:16:37,320 --> 00:16:38,880
is to work as a team.

144
00:16:47,000 --> 00:16:50,400
This family
has four growing pups.

145
00:17:14,480 --> 00:17:18,400
A chital deer
could feed the entire pack.

146
00:17:27,520 --> 00:17:29,280
The pack must get close...

147
00:17:34,040 --> 00:17:35,880
...without being detected.

148
00:17:44,640 --> 00:17:46,040
(GRUNTS)

149
00:17:51,720 --> 00:17:54,000
But with eyes and ears
everywhere...

150
00:17:57,320 --> 00:18:01,000
...the deer are soon aware
of the dogs' presence.

151
00:18:10,080 --> 00:18:12,480
(SQUEAKING AND RATTLING)

152
00:18:13,760 --> 00:18:16,080
The pack can't afford
to give up.

153
00:18:19,040 --> 00:18:21,880
They may have better luck here.

154
00:18:25,080 --> 00:18:29,720
The vegetation is dense
and provides better cover.

155
00:18:32,000 --> 00:18:35,600
But the dholes could easily
lose track of one another.

156
00:18:36,680 --> 00:18:39,160
So they use
their unique Whistles.

157
00:18:42,840 --> 00:18:45,840
(WHISTLING)

158
00:18:56,440 --> 00:19:00,040
Only dholes can understand

159
00:19:00,160 --> 00:19:03,280
these quiet, unobtrusive calls.

160
00:19:05,800 --> 00:19:08,800
(WHISTLING)

161
00:19:21,280 --> 00:19:26,160
Now they take up
their hunting positions...

162
00:19:31,360 --> 00:19:34,120
<i>...even though
they can't see each other.</i>

163
00:19:34,240 --> 00:19:36,040
(WHISTLING)

164
00:19:40,800 --> 00:19:44,240
(WHISTLING)

165
00:19:55,960 --> 00:19:58,040
With the deer surrounded...

166
00:19:59,680 --> 00:20:02,480
...the dholes wait
for the signal to attack.

167
00:20:11,520 --> 00:20:12,960
(WHISTLES)

168
00:20:13,080 --> 00:20:14,800
(YELPS)

169
00:20:22,920 --> 00:20:25,960
Some of the dholes
split the herd...

170
00:20:29,920 --> 00:20:31,120
...and drive a stag

171
00:20:31,240 --> 00:20:34,160
towards others
waiting in ambush.

172
00:20:35,600 --> 00:20:38,000
(WHISTLING)

173
00:21:07,000 --> 00:21:09,920
The dholes' ability
to communicate so quietly

174
00:21:10,040 --> 00:21:12,640
enables them to stay connected,

175
00:21:12,760 --> 00:21:14,720
and so hunt successfully

176
00:21:14,840 --> 00:21:17,000
in the tangle of their jungle.

177
00:21:36,120 --> 00:21:40,280
The mountainous forests
of Central China.

178
00:21:43,880 --> 00:21:45,160
Until recently,

179
00:21:45,280 --> 00:21:49,440
these were among
the least known of forests.

180
00:21:51,880 --> 00:21:54,160
They're full of swirling mists,

181
00:21:54,280 --> 00:21:57,000
and few outsiders had any idea

182
00:21:57,120 --> 00:21:59,280
of what they might contain.

183
00:21:59,400 --> 00:22:00,880
(THUNDER RUMBLES)

184
00:22:05,520 --> 00:22:07,920
Living in
such dense vegetation,

185
00:22:08,040 --> 00:22:11,480
it's difficult
to make yourself seen.

186
00:22:11,600 --> 00:22:14,280
Even when you want to be.

187
00:22:15,760 --> 00:22:17,160
And that's a problem

188
00:22:17,280 --> 00:22:19,920
for this male
Temminck's tragopan.

189
00:22:21,440 --> 00:22:24,800
He has lived
most of his life alone.

190
00:22:28,000 --> 00:22:31,720
And this is his first
mating season.

191
00:22:31,840 --> 00:22:32,840
(CHIRPS)

192
00:22:34,840 --> 00:22:37,240
He needs to make himself
conspicuous

193
00:22:37,360 --> 00:22:40,040
in the gloom
of the forest floor,

194
00:22:40,160 --> 00:22:43,720
and he's found a clearing
Where he might do so.

195
00:22:47,400 --> 00:22:48,840
A female.

196
00:22:55,800 --> 00:22:57,000
(SQUAWKS)

197
00:23:00,080 --> 00:23:02,680
She, too,
is looking for a mate.

198
00:23:06,040 --> 00:23:08,400
This could be his moment.

199
00:23:12,680 --> 00:23:15,680
(WHIMSICAL MUSIC)

200
00:23:33,880 --> 00:23:35,480
Oh, dear.

201
00:23:35,600 --> 00:23:36,960
(CHIRPS)

202
00:23:37,080 --> 00:23:39,200
Stage fright.

203
00:23:44,960 --> 00:23:45,920
(SQUAWKING)

204
00:23:46,040 --> 00:23:47,960
And who is this?

205
00:23:50,520 --> 00:23:53,160
A male golden pheasant.

206
00:23:55,600 --> 00:23:57,640
He, too,
has come to this clearing...

207
00:23:57,760 --> 00:23:59,280
(SQUAWKS)

208
00:23:59,400 --> 00:24:01,800
...to attract a female.

209
00:24:07,240 --> 00:24:10,920
And he seems
a little more confident.

210
00:24:38,720 --> 00:24:42,000
So <i>that</i> is how it's done.

211
00:24:47,000 --> 00:24:50,480
The tragopan
might still have a chance.

212
00:24:50,600 --> 00:24:52,640
Here is a new female.

213
00:24:54,880 --> 00:24:57,040
But is she interested?

214
00:25:04,840 --> 00:25:06,680
It's time to be bold.

215
00:25:08,240 --> 00:25:10,960
(RHYTHMIC RATTLING)

216
00:25:17,560 --> 00:25:19,840
He pumps up a pair of horns

217
00:25:19,960 --> 00:25:22,440
and a multicoloured bib.

218
00:25:25,840 --> 00:25:27,920
It's a sight to be wondered at.

219
00:25:33,760 --> 00:25:37,240
And it has never before
been filmed in the Wild.

220
00:26:14,440 --> 00:26:15,720
Not today.

221
00:26:18,960 --> 00:26:20,640
How deflating.

222
00:26:24,880 --> 00:26:25,880
(CHIRPS)

223
00:26:37,200 --> 00:26:41,080
The temperate rainforests
of Western Canada.

224
00:26:46,000 --> 00:26:50,040
Some of the trees here
are 1,000 years old.

225
00:27:08,640 --> 00:27:09,800
It's autumn,

226
00:27:09,920 --> 00:27:13,120
and the beginning
of a spectacle that, each year,

227
00:27:13,240 --> 00:27:17,400
transforms this forest
and all that lives in it.

228
00:27:26,560 --> 00:27:30,440
After years at sea,
thousands of Pacific salmon

229
00:27:30,560 --> 00:27:33,640
are returning to these streams
to breed.

230
00:27:39,800 --> 00:27:41,040
(SOFT GRUNT)

231
00:27:41,160 --> 00:27:45,080
And they attract
the forest's rarest resident.

232
00:28:04,960 --> 00:28:06,480
A spirit bear.

233
00:28:09,720 --> 00:28:12,640
A white variant
of the black bear.

234
00:28:24,000 --> 00:28:27,080
Fewer than 150 exist,

235
00:28:27,200 --> 00:28:29,240
and they're found only here.

236
00:28:38,960 --> 00:28:40,080
This female

237
00:28:40,200 --> 00:28:44,320
has fished for salmon here
for 20 years.

238
00:29:12,280 --> 00:29:14,040
Get your timing right...

239
00:29:17,000 --> 00:29:19,520
...and there can be
great rewards.

240
00:29:27,160 --> 00:29:31,000
In her youth, she was, in fact,
even more successful

241
00:29:31,120 --> 00:29:33,040
than the black bears.

242
00:29:40,560 --> 00:29:41,960
Perhaps her pale coat

243
00:29:42,080 --> 00:29:44,400
makes it difficult for the fish
to see her

244
00:29:44,520 --> 00:29:46,480
against the bright sky,

245
00:29:46,600 --> 00:29:49,040
and that could give her
an advantage.

246
00:29:55,760 --> 00:29:58,760
But now she is old

247
00:29:58,880 --> 00:30:02,240
and this year
she's finding it hard.

248
00:30:29,760 --> 00:30:34,040
Her fishing skills, however,
haven't totally deserted her.

249
00:30:38,400 --> 00:30:41,920
This annual feast
helps her to fatten,

250
00:30:42,040 --> 00:30:44,320
ready for the Winter ahead.

251
00:30:49,760 --> 00:30:50,920
But it also helps

252
00:30:51,040 --> 00:30:53,560
the patch of forest
Where she lives.

253
00:30:56,240 --> 00:30:57,160
This female

254
00:30:57,280 --> 00:31:00,960
has an unusual relationship
with the forest.

255
00:31:05,320 --> 00:31:09,880
Every fish carcass
she leaves behind decays,

256
00:31:10,000 --> 00:31:13,440
releasing nutrients
that soak into the soil.

257
00:31:18,960 --> 00:31:20,200
And there...

258
00:31:23,240 --> 00:31:27,400
...they are collected
by a network of fungi.

259
00:31:42,880 --> 00:31:46,640
The threads attach themselves
to the tree's roots.

260
00:31:50,640 --> 00:31:53,640
And nutrients from the fish,
collected by the fungi,

261
00:31:53,760 --> 00:31:56,520
are then passed on
to the trees.

262
00:31:59,000 --> 00:32:01,480
As a consequence,
the forest around the river

263
00:32:01,600 --> 00:32:05,160
grows three times faster
than elsewhere...

264
00:32:14,680 --> 00:32:16,280
...and some trees here

265
00:32:16,400 --> 00:32:20,000
become as tall
as any in the world...

266
00:32:28,360 --> 00:32:32,960
...and provide spirit bears
with a healthy forest home.

267
00:32:50,000 --> 00:32:51,000
We now know

268
00:32:51,120 --> 00:32:56,000
that such relationships exist
in forests all over the world.

269
00:33:01,160 --> 00:33:03,480
At the heart
of these many connections

270
00:33:03,600 --> 00:33:06,800
stand giant trees,
like this one.

271
00:33:09,040 --> 00:33:10,160
A kapok.

272
00:33:13,520 --> 00:33:17,720
It started life as a seed
some 200 years ago.

273
00:33:21,400 --> 00:33:26,000
Now it towers 60 metres
above the forest floor...

274
00:33:27,960 --> 00:33:32,160
...and transports 1,000 litres
of nutrient-filled water

275
00:33:32,280 --> 00:33:33,640
from its roots

276
00:33:33,760 --> 00:33:37,640
up to its canopy every day.

277
00:33:44,600 --> 00:33:48,400
So this giant
gives life to others.

278
00:33:58,440 --> 00:34:00,880
A whole community
of animals and plants

279
00:34:01,000 --> 00:34:05,000
depends on the wellbeing
of this one tree.

280
00:34:07,000 --> 00:34:10,000
(CHAINSAW BUZZES)

281
00:34:50,320 --> 00:34:53,920
A single out
made in just a few moments

282
00:34:54,040 --> 00:34:55,880
has broken thousands

283
00:34:56,000 --> 00:34:58,560
of long-established
connections.

284
00:35:08,240 --> 00:35:10,280
Across the world's forests,

285
00:35:10,400 --> 00:35:14,440
this story is being repeated
endlessly.

286
00:35:28,440 --> 00:35:31,760
15 billion trees

287
00:35:31,880 --> 00:35:34,160
are cut down every year.

288
00:35:45,880 --> 00:35:47,640
Every one of these trees

289
00:35:47,760 --> 00:35:52,040
is, in itself,
an intricate ecosystem.

290
00:36:04,640 --> 00:36:08,240
But here in Brazil,
they're being replaced

291
00:36:08,360 --> 00:36:12,360
by plantations
of a single species of tree.

292
00:36:22,080 --> 00:36:24,320
Originally from Australia...

293
00:36:26,200 --> 00:36:29,280
...these eucalypts are unable
to build relationships

294
00:36:29,400 --> 00:36:32,600
with most of the native plants
and animals.

295
00:36:40,000 --> 00:36:41,640
And, worse,

296
00:36:41,760 --> 00:36:44,120
these newcomers grow so rapidly

297
00:36:44,240 --> 00:36:46,920
they extract nutrients
from the soil

298
00:36:47,040 --> 00:36:49,960
faster than they can
be replaced.

299
00:36:58,960 --> 00:37:02,600
And what was once
a rich and complex world...

300
00:37:05,280 --> 00:37:09,680
...becomes little more than
a green desert.

301
00:37:44,240 --> 00:37:46,920
And at just
five years of age...

302
00:37:48,280 --> 00:37:50,320
...their lives are ended.

303
00:37:53,240 --> 00:37:56,440
They're felled and taken away.

304
00:38:07,600 --> 00:38:12,320
Their wood is then pulped
to make paper.

305
00:38:24,280 --> 00:38:28,360
And all that remains
of the rich rainforest

306
00:38:28,480 --> 00:38:31,120
are a few tiny patches.

307
00:38:40,240 --> 00:38:42,120
Patches so small

308
00:38:42,240 --> 00:38:45,200
that few
of the original inhabitants

309
00:38:45,320 --> 00:38:47,720
are able to survive in them.

310
00:38:55,640 --> 00:38:58,240
Uganda, East Africa.

311
00:39:10,120 --> 00:39:13,120
This small group of chimpanzees

312
00:39:13,240 --> 00:39:15,120
have a detailed knowledge

313
00:39:15,240 --> 00:39:17,040
of the forest territory
that they inherited

314
00:39:17,160 --> 00:39:19,560
from previous generations.

315
00:39:30,840 --> 00:39:33,800
They know the best places
to shelter,

316
00:39:33,920 --> 00:39:35,360
to raise their young...

317
00:39:39,360 --> 00:39:40,840
...and to feed.

318
00:40:00,400 --> 00:40:03,840
This fruiting tree

319
00:40:03,960 --> 00:40:08,000
cannot by itself
sustain the chimps for long.

320
00:40:26,000 --> 00:40:30,760
The alpha male signals
that it's time to move on.

321
00:40:30,880 --> 00:40:33,880
(GRUNTING AND SCREECHING)

322
00:40:36,560 --> 00:40:39,640
Where he goes,
others will follow.

323
00:40:58,400 --> 00:41:01,960
He leads them
not to another fruiting tree...

324
00:41:04,360 --> 00:41:07,400
...but into a new world.

325
00:41:10,080 --> 00:41:13,080
(TRAFFIC HUMS)

326
00:41:27,360 --> 00:41:30,600
This road, only recently built,

327
00:41:30,720 --> 00:41:33,160
has cut through
their territory.

328
00:41:43,200 --> 00:41:45,720
The alpha male is cautious.

329
00:41:54,320 --> 00:41:57,840
His own mother
was killed on this road.

330
00:42:09,600 --> 00:42:10,800
(HORN HONKS)

331
00:42:15,680 --> 00:42:16,880
(HORN HONKS)

332
00:42:20,400 --> 00:42:23,080
He makes sure it's clear
before crossing

333
00:42:23,200 --> 00:42:26,000
with the slower members
of his family.

334
00:42:45,360 --> 00:42:48,680
If the group is to get
what they need...

335
00:42:52,320 --> 00:42:55,400
...they will have to go against
their natural instincts...

336
00:42:58,800 --> 00:43:01,000
...and approach humans.

337
00:43:30,040 --> 00:43:31,760
But their new neighbours...

338
00:43:31,880 --> 00:43:33,560
...are friendly.

339
00:43:39,600 --> 00:43:43,040
And they allow the chimps
to collect...

340
00:43:45,280 --> 00:43:47,280
...jackfruit,

341
00:43:47,400 --> 00:43:50,560
the largest of all tree fruits.

342
00:43:57,160 --> 00:44:00,960
Jackfruit grow all year round
in people's gardens.

343
00:44:14,360 --> 00:44:16,720
And they're more nutritious

344
00:44:16,840 --> 00:44:19,200
than the limited amount
of Wild food

345
00:44:19,320 --> 00:44:21,200
the chimps can now find

346
00:44:21,320 --> 00:44:24,040
in what remains
of their forest.

347
00:44:35,800 --> 00:44:38,520
But this is a new world...

348
00:44:40,040 --> 00:44:42,280
...and a new relationship.

349
00:44:47,400 --> 00:44:50,160
New boundaries
need to be established.

350
00:44:54,080 --> 00:44:56,960
Some of the chimps
start to help themselves

351
00:44:57,080 --> 00:44:58,520
to people's crops.

352
00:45:00,640 --> 00:45:01,720
(DOGS BARK)

353
00:45:08,160 --> 00:45:11,360
(SCREECHING AND GRUNTING)

354
00:45:27,880 --> 00:45:29,760
(WINGS FLUTTER)

355
00:45:33,240 --> 00:45:34,840
They have outstayed
their welcome,

356
00:45:34,960 --> 00:45:38,960
and the alpha male decides
that it's time to leave.

357
00:45:59,520 --> 00:46:02,160
The chimps make
this dangerous journey

358
00:46:02,280 --> 00:46:03,600
every day.

359
00:46:22,120 --> 00:46:24,480
But these
highly intelligent animals,

360
00:46:24,600 --> 00:46:26,800
our closest living relatives,

361
00:46:26,920 --> 00:46:29,560
have managed, just about,

362
00:46:29,680 --> 00:46:31,920
to carve out a place
for themselves

363
00:46:32,040 --> 00:46:34,360
in this changing world.

364
00:46:40,320 --> 00:46:41,960
Animals have maintained

365
00:46:42,080 --> 00:46:45,280
a long-established relationship
with forests.

366
00:46:49,680 --> 00:46:51,480
But as we continue

367
00:46:51,600 --> 00:46:54,120
to break our connections
with them,

368
00:46:54,240 --> 00:46:56,320
the question is,

369
00:46:56,440 --> 00:46:59,440
for how much longer
will they survive?

370
00:47:01,800 --> 00:47:06,080
Surely, the time has come
to rebuild them.

371
00:47:29,480 --> 00:47:31,120
DAVID ATTENBOROUGH:
<i>Over many years,</i>

372
00:47:31,240 --> 00:47:32,640
<i>I've been lucky enough</i>

373
00:47:32,760 --> 00:47:34,640
<i>to watch chimps
in their natural home,</i>

374
00:47:34,760 --> 00:47:35,680
<i>such as here</i>

375
00:47:35,800 --> 00:47:38,040
<i>in the thick forests
of West Africa.</i>

376
00:47:39,520 --> 00:47:40,640
YOUNG DAVID: Chimpanzees.

377
00:47:41,720 --> 00:47:44,240
A peaceful scene
of jungle harmony.

378
00:47:46,200 --> 00:47:47,680
The experienced male...

379
00:47:48,960 --> 00:47:50,560
...is sitting right there.

380
00:47:50,680 --> 00:47:54,080
<i>But the lives
of many chimpanzees</i>

381
00:47:54,200 --> 00:47:56,440
<i>are now changing dramatically.</i>

382
00:48:12,160 --> 00:48:15,800
<i>Here, in Uganda,
over the last decade,</i>

383
00:48:15,920 --> 00:48:19,760
<i>they have lost over 80%
of their forest home.</i>

384
00:48:26,920 --> 00:48:30,400
<i>They don't live
in a protected area.</i>

385
00:48:32,800 --> 00:48:34,160
<i>To survive here,</i>

386
00:48:34,280 --> 00:48:38,760
<i>they have to live alongside
the 200 or so human families</i>

387
00:48:38,880 --> 00:48:40,600
<i>who farm here.</i>

388
00:48:42,920 --> 00:48:45,480
LILIAN: The chimps always
come from the forest.

389
00:48:46,680 --> 00:48:49,080
They come to eat jackfruit
from my land.

390
00:48:50,560 --> 00:48:52,920
They know us by our faces,

391
00:48:53,040 --> 00:48:56,840
as we know them by their faces
as well.

392
00:48:58,320 --> 00:49:01,200
<i>To tell the story
of this remarkable chimp group,</i>

393
00:49:01,320 --> 00:49:02,880
the Planet Earth <i>team</i>

394
00:49:03,000 --> 00:49:05,280
<i>are working
with these residents.</i>

395
00:49:09,480 --> 00:49:11,200
(SCREECHING)

396
00:49:11,320 --> 00:49:12,840
CREW MEMBER: Who was that, Tom?

397
00:49:12,960 --> 00:49:14,600
This one was Araali.

398
00:49:16,800 --> 00:49:18,160
<i>Tom is part of</i>

399
00:49:18,280 --> 00:49:21,640
<i>the Bulindi Chimpanzee
and Community Project.</i>

400
00:49:23,760 --> 00:49:26,080
<i>He's been studying the chimps
every day</i>

401
00:49:26,200 --> 00:49:27,640
<i>for the last 15 years...</i>

402
00:49:29,720 --> 00:49:32,520
<i>...and has seen the change
first-hand.</i>

403
00:49:33,960 --> 00:49:35,920
TOM: Very many things
have changed.

404
00:49:36,040 --> 00:49:38,040
When chimpanzees
were seeing people,

405
00:49:38,160 --> 00:49:41,480
they would run.
Run very quickly and go.

406
00:49:41,600 --> 00:49:43,880
But now they just stand,

407
00:49:44,000 --> 00:49:46,360
because everywhere they go,

408
00:49:46,480 --> 00:49:47,960
they find a person.

409
00:49:51,360 --> 00:49:54,200
<i>Chips are normally tricky
to film in the Wild.</i>

410
00:49:55,720 --> 00:49:57,200
<i>But in this human world,</i>

411
00:49:57,320 --> 00:49:58,680
<i>the crew are surprised</i>

412
00:49:58,800 --> 00:50:01,840
<i>by how easy it is
to approach them.</i>

413
00:50:04,440 --> 00:50:06,960
CREW MEMBER: There's
another one coming up the path.

414
00:50:10,840 --> 00:50:12,240
<i>But back in the forest,</i>

415
00:50:12,360 --> 00:50:14,680
<i>it's a different story.</i>

416
00:50:17,920 --> 00:50:22,160
<i>Here, the chimps seem wary
of the newcomers.</i>

417
00:50:29,680 --> 00:50:32,720
CREW MEMBER: (GRUNTS)
There's a ditch there.

418
00:50:40,360 --> 00:50:42,800
<i>All the crew get to</i> see...

419
00:50:45,800 --> 00:50:47,760
<i>...is a lot of bottoms.</i>

420
00:50:49,600 --> 00:50:51,160
SAM: This afternoon,

421
00:50:51,280 --> 00:50:54,480
the chimps have been taking us
on a wild-goose chase.

422
00:50:54,600 --> 00:50:57,520
They've crossed the river
and then they've crossed back,

423
00:50:57,640 --> 00:50:59,480
gone past us
While we're in the woods,

424
00:50:59,600 --> 00:51:02,200
and then now
they've disappeared again.

425
00:51:03,440 --> 00:51:06,400
When we don't have chimps,

426
00:51:06,520 --> 00:51:09,080
we film goats!

427
00:51:16,840 --> 00:51:19,120
<i>Here,
in the chimps' forest home,</i>

428
00:51:19,240 --> 00:51:22,640
<i>it's going to take time
to earn the group's trust...</i>

429
00:51:22,760 --> 00:51:25,920
(SCREECHING)

430
00:51:26,040 --> 00:51:27,920
I think they found Moses.

431
00:51:28,960 --> 00:51:30,800
<i>...and get to know one another.</i>

432
00:51:30,920 --> 00:51:32,400
This is Jack.

433
00:51:34,320 --> 00:51:35,560
<i>After two weeks,</i>

434
00:51:35,680 --> 00:51:38,080
<i>things are improving
on the ground.</i>

435
00:51:39,280 --> 00:51:44,160
<i>But What will the chimps think
of the crew up in the trees?</i>

436
00:51:48,120 --> 00:51:51,600
I can see a bunch of
chimp faces looking up at me.

437
00:51:51,720 --> 00:51:53,080
This is a new experience
for them.

438
00:51:53,200 --> 00:51:56,520
I doubt they've ever seen
a human in a tree before,

439
00:51:56,640 --> 00:51:59,440
so hopefully they accept me.

440
00:52:24,480 --> 00:52:26,680
<i>After hours of waiting...</i>

441
00:52:27,960 --> 00:52:29,320
<i>."success!</i>

442
00:52:32,880 --> 00:52:35,280
RONAN: All the chimps that were
on the ground looking up at me

443
00:52:35,400 --> 00:52:37,360
are now happily in the tree,

444
00:52:37,480 --> 00:52:40,240
which is a really good sign
that they've accepted me.

445
00:52:42,280 --> 00:52:43,240
It's the first time

446
00:52:43,360 --> 00:52:45,240
that we've been able to see
at their level

447
00:52:45,360 --> 00:52:46,800
While they're feeding.

448
00:53:08,000 --> 00:53:10,440
<i>For the crew,
it has taken a long time</i>

449
00:53:10,560 --> 00:53:12,680
<i>to gain the chimps' acceptance.</i>

450
00:53:14,360 --> 00:53:16,640
<i>But, in fact, the chimps here
have shown</i>

451
00:53:16,760 --> 00:53:18,360
<i>that they can respond quickly</i>

452
00:53:18,480 --> 00:53:20,000
<i>to the presence of people.</i>

453
00:53:22,720 --> 00:53:26,760
DR MCLENNAN: Chimpanzees
are highly intelligent.

454
00:53:26,880 --> 00:53:28,880
If you cut down the forest,

455
00:53:29,000 --> 00:53:31,960
well, chimps will start eating
human crops.

456
00:53:32,080 --> 00:53:36,960
If you divide their range up
with roads and...you know,

457
00:53:37,080 --> 00:53:38,440
the chimps will end up

458
00:53:38,560 --> 00:53:40,520
just learning
to cross the roads.

459
00:53:43,040 --> 00:53:44,440
The animals can adapt

460
00:53:44,560 --> 00:53:46,200
to an increasingly
human environment.

461
00:53:46,320 --> 00:53:47,680
The question is,

462
00:53:47,800 --> 00:53:51,400
can people accommodate
an animal like a chimp?

463
00:53:53,960 --> 00:53:57,080
(SCREECHING)

464
00:54:02,000 --> 00:54:04,400
<i>Chimpanzees can be dangerous.</i>

465
00:54:04,520 --> 00:54:06,720
(SCREECHING)

466
00:54:06,840 --> 00:54:10,920
<i>Living alongside them
is a mixed experience.</i>

467
00:54:26,280 --> 00:54:28,840
<i>The local community
and the project</i>

468
00:54:28,960 --> 00:54:30,160
<i>have been working together</i>

469
00:54:30,280 --> 00:54:34,000
<i>to try to decrease the impact
of these problems.</i>

470
00:54:39,120 --> 00:54:41,560
Over the last eight years,

471
00:54:41,680 --> 00:54:44,000
Lilian and her family

472
00:54:44,120 --> 00:54:46,440
have planted native seedlings
on her land

473
00:54:46,560 --> 00:54:49,280
and left her patch of forest
to regrow.

474
00:54:50,400 --> 00:54:51,360
LILIAN: If we cut it,

475
00:54:51,480 --> 00:54:53,640
they come and sleep
in our houses,

476
00:54:53,760 --> 00:54:56,200
so we should leave
that place for them.

477
00:54:59,240 --> 00:55:02,880
If you leave them
and you don't disturb them,

478
00:55:03,000 --> 00:55:05,280
they are peaceful animals.

479
00:55:09,800 --> 00:55:12,440
<i>With other residents
following suit,</i>

480
00:55:12,560 --> 00:55:17,640
<i>more of the forest is showing
positive signs of return.</i>

481
00:55:21,680 --> 00:55:23,960
<i>There is a long way to go,</i>

482
00:55:24,080 --> 00:55:28,040
<i>and the future for these chimps
remains uncertain.</i>

483
00:55:31,600 --> 00:55:35,240
<i>But where peaceful coexistence
can be built,</i>

484
00:55:35,360 --> 00:55:37,320
<i>there is hope.</i>